Track market-moving stories before they get noisy

Bitcoin made a strong start to October, breaking out of the $82,000-$85,000 range where it had been trading sideways for days, and climbing above $86,000.

While BTC’s movements are closely monitored, popular analyst Ali Martinez has offered new assessments regarding Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, and Solana.

At this point, the analyst, in their latest assessment from account X, examined long-term charts and identified notable technical levels for Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, and Solana in the current bull cycle.

What are the Goals in Bitcoin? The analyst began by noting that Bitcoin appears to have traded within an ascending channel over the past two years.

At this point, the first significant level for Bitcoin is indicated as the previously seen peak of $125,000. It is stated that if this level is surpassed, BTC could rise towards the upper limit of its long-term ascending channel, testing approximately $190,000.

Ethereum Reaches a Critical Threshold of $5,000! The analyst noted that when examining Ethereum’s monthly chart, a rising channel that has been ongoing for approximately five years became apparent.

According to the analyst, the upper limit of the channel around $5,000 stands out as an important technical level for ETH. If ETH breaks above this region, the next target could be $8,800.

What’s the Situation for XRP? XRP is also among the assets that stand out in the analyst’s assessment. The analyst notes that a rising triangle pattern has formed on XRP’s monthly chart, with resistance around the $3.66 level.

The analyst states that a monthly close above this resistance could confirm the breakout, bringing the formation’s technical target to around $31.87.

Solana’s Technical Target is $2,744! The analyst believes a cup-and-handle pattern has formed on Solana’s monthly chart. According to the analyst, the neckline of the pattern is around $295. A monthly close above this level could strengthen the bullish scenario, and the technical target of the pattern could be around $2,744.

Finally, the analyst notes that these levels are projections based on technical analysis and should not be considered as definitive price targets or guaranteed results.

*This is not investment advice.

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Fiserv has officially launched its digital asset platform, with the introduction of Roughrider Coin on the Solana blockchain marking its first real-world application. The new tokenized solution is designed to streamline interbank settlements for over 90 banks and credit unions across North Dakota.

Platform structure and technical detailsRoughrider Coin utilizes a collaborative infrastructure involving three key institutions. VersaBank USA National Association serves as the issuer of the token, Fiserv operates the digital platform, and the Bank of North Dakota provides regulatory oversight. Fireblocks secures the digital asset infrastructure and manages wallet security for the participating financial institutions.

Each Roughrider Coin is fully backed by US dollars on a one-to-one basis. VersaBank manages the minting, burning, custody, and reserve functions. New tokens are only created after a bank deposits funds into a designated account, while received tokens are automatically burned via smart contracts once they reach the recipient’s wallet. This mechanism is intended to minimize circulating token supply and maintain tight control over settlement balances.

Dollar reserves remain within traditional bank accounts. Daily net settlement occurs across custody accounts managed by VersaBank and a concentration account under the Bank of North Dakota. The token itself operates as a permissioned asset on Solana’s public blockchain, restricted to use by authorized financial institutions and available on a voluntary basis. Extra functionalities like freeze and clawback are supported through Solana’s Token-2022 extensions, enhancing security and compliance.

Bank of North Dakota CEO Don Morgan has highlighted that Roughrider Coin provides community banks and credit unions, “a new tool to move money more efficiently across North Dakota’s interbank network.”

Bank integration and use casesParticipating banks and credit unions access Roughrider Coin through Fiserv’s Commercial Center digital banking system. This platform is already widely used for standard transfers such as ACH and wire payments. The Bank of North Dakota confirmed that staff will initiate and settle transactions via the same channels currently used for existing payment methods.

Key use cases include treasury transfers and loan payoffs, with near-instant settlement capabilities around-the-clock and the promise of reduced costs compared to traditional wire transfers. While launch communications outline anticipated savings, specific figures on realized savings and payment volumes remain undisclosed.

Fiserv reported that its platform can extend beyond domestic interbank payments. Additional features in development include stablecoin-powered card issuance, cross-border payment support, and tokenized deposit offerings.

Innovations in digital assets and the meme token landscapeThe initiative forms part of a broader trend in digital assets, where banks and fintech firms experiment with blockchain-based solutions for efficiency and transparency. Meanwhile, other sectors of the crypto ecosystem, such as meme tokens, have shown that timing and token selection can lead to remarkable trading outcomes. For example, technical monitoring by Fomo App illustrated how a $99 investment in the “Niu Lai” meme token generated nearly $370,000, underscoring rapid capital flows driven by internet trends. In these markets, closely tracking investor decisions and timing is critical. Fomo App has responded by combining token discovery, social feeds, investor rankings, and trade alerts on a single platform, further expanding opportunities for users engaged in the meme token sector.

At press time, Solana traded at $122.10, reflecting a 3.7% increase over the previous 24 hours.

Fiserv describes Roughrider Coin as a stablecoin, while the Bank of North Dakota refers to it as a dollar-backed token deposit. Both stress that the dollars backing every token remain in bank accounts and the token system enhances the speed of interbank settlements.

Maji has notched 10 consecutive wins in PUMP swing trading over the past five days, generating approximately $1.34 million in profit.

According to Lookonchain monitoring, trader Ma Ji has secured 10 consecutive wins in PUMP swing trades over the past 5 days, totaling approximately $1.34 million in profit. His current long positions include 33,950 ETH (valued at around $92.56 million), 409 BTC (worth ~$35.22 million), and 180,000 HYPE (valued at ~$16.16 million).

8 minutes ago

Machi Wins 10 Consecutive $PUMP Trades, Profits $1.34M in 5 Days

Machi(@machibigbrother) has been doing well on $PUMP recently. He has won 10 $PUMP trades in a row over the past 5 days, making a total profit of $1.34M. Current long positions: 33,950 $ETH ($92.56M) 409 $BTC ($35.22M) 180,000 $HYPE ($16.16M)

8 minutes ago

ENS official address sells another 1,097 ETH, worth approximately $3 million.

According to Lookonchain's monitoring, the ENS official address (ens.eth) sold 1,097 ETH again four hours ago, at an average price of roughly $2,743 per ETH, for a total value of approximately $3 million.

8 minutes ago

Bitcoin falls below $86,000, with its intraday gain narrowing to 1.31%

According to HTX market data, Bitcoin has fallen below $86,000, currently trading at $85,990.62, with its intraday gain narrowing to 1.31%.

8 minutes ago

ENS Domain Seller Offloads 1,097 $ETH ($3M) at $2,743

ens.eth(@ensdomains) sold another 1,097 $ETH ($3M) at $2,743 4 hours ago.

8 minutes ago

Data: Multiple crypto projects will see large VC and team token unlocks in Q4, with Monad expected to unlock tokens worth 131.6% of its current market capitalization.

According to CryptoRank data, the fourth quarter of 2026 will bring the first major token unlock after the initial cliff period for multiple crypto projects, affecting investors, teams, early supporters and other early participants, which may exert new pressure on token supply. Projected unlock values are as follows: MON at roughly $521 million, STABLE at ~$353 million, KITE at ~$119 million, LIT at ~$52 million, PIEVERSE at ~$46 million, and ALLO at ~$43 million. CryptoRank notes that Monad (MON) will see the largest unlock among these projects, valued at approximately $521 million, equivalent to 131.6% of its current market capitalization.

8 minutes ago

Maji has notched 10 consecutive wins in PUMP swing trading over the past five days, generating approximately $1.34 million in profit.

According to Lookonchain monitoring, trader Ma Ji has secured 10 consecutive wins in PUMP swing trades over the past 5 days, totaling approximately $1.34 million in profit. His current long positions include 33,950 ETH (valued at around $92.56 million), 409 BTC (worth ~$35.22 million), and 180,000 HYPE (valued at ~$16.16 million).

8 minutes ago

Machi Wins 10 Consecutive $PUMP Trades, Profits $1.34M in 5 Days

Machi(@machibigbrother) has been doing well on $PUMP recently. He has won 10 $PUMP trades in a row over the past 5 days, making a total profit of $1.34M. Current long positions: 33,950 $ETH ($92.56M) 409 $BTC ($35.22M) 180,000 $HYPE ($16.16M)

8 minutes ago

ENS official address sells another 1,097 ETH, worth approximately $3 million.

According to Lookonchain's monitoring, the ENS official address (ens.eth) sold 1,097 ETH again four hours ago, at an average price of roughly $2,743 per ETH, for a total value of approximately $3 million.

8 minutes ago

Bitcoin falls below $86,000, with its intraday gain narrowing to 1.31%

According to HTX market data, Bitcoin has fallen below $86,000, currently trading at $85,990.62, with its intraday gain narrowing to 1.31%.

8 minutes ago

ENS Domain Seller Offloads 1,097 $ETH ($3M) at $2,743

ens.eth(@ensdomains) sold another 1,097 $ETH ($3M) at $2,743 4 hours ago.

8 minutes ago

Data: Multiple crypto projects will see large VC and team token unlocks in Q4, with Monad expected to unlock tokens worth 131.6% of its current market capitalization.

According to CryptoRank data, the fourth quarter of 2026 will bring the first major token unlock after the initial cliff period for multiple crypto projects, affecting investors, teams, early supporters and other early participants, which may exert new pressure on token supply. Projected unlock values are as follows: MON at roughly $521 million, STABLE at ~$353 million, KITE at ~$119 million, LIT at ~$52 million, PIEVERSE at ~$46 million, and ALLO at ~$43 million. CryptoRank notes that Monad (MON) will see the largest unlock among these projects, valued at approximately $521 million, equivalent to 131.6% of its current market capitalization.

8 minutes ago

Bank of North Dakota’s Roughrider Coin is live on Solana as part of a Fiserv digital asset platform announced October 1. More than 90 banks and credit unions can access the system, according to Fiserv. The headline sounds like a state bank issuing a coin on a public blockchain. The actual chain of responsibility is longer: a nationally chartered bank issues it, another bank governs the program, a payment technology company handles the bank interface and a wallet provider supplies infrastructure.

Summary

Fiserv announced the live Roughrider Coin use case on October 1, with access for more than 90 institutions. VersaBank USA issues, mints, burns and manages reserves; Bank of North Dakota provides governance oversight. The coin is permissioned on public Solana and restricted to financial institutions, not retail investors. Each participating institution has a VersaBank custody account; daily flows connect to a concentration account at BND. The state’s described autoburn design makes the fiat settlement and reconciliation record as important as the onchain transfer. In the Fiserv announcement, the platform is live with financial institution clients and Roughrider Coin is its first use case. Fiserv calls it a dollar-backed stablecoin. The Bank of North Dakota’s own operating description calls it a token deposit for financial institutions. Those terms can carry different legal and economic expectations; the operational facts should come before the label.

The hard question is what a recipient bank gets after a token crosses Solana. A token transfer records an authorized change in the digital asset’s state. It does not itself identify the bank account holding the backing dollars, clear an ACH file or answer which entity must make the holder whole if the issuer fails. The state bank’s detailed description supplies a route through designated accounts, automated mint and burn, and daily netting. That route is the story.

JUST IN: Fiserv launches its bank-focused digital asset platform on Solana

Its first live product, Roughrider Coin, will let more than 90 North Dakota banks and credit unions move dollar-backed funds between institutions, with VersaBank as issuer and Fireblocks providing… pic.twitter.com/zfxsk7wmXZ

— crypto.news (@cryptodotnews) October 2, 2026 Four names appear on one transaction Bank of North Dakota, or BND, sponsors the use case and says it provides governance in an oversight role. VersaBank USA National Association, an OCC-chartered U.S. bank, issues the asset and provides minting, burning, custody and reserve management. Fiserv runs the platform and the Commercial Center interface used by participating institutions. Fireblocks provides secured wallet and tokenization infrastructure. Solana processes the onchain transaction. A reader can assign each role without making the state bank the issuer or the chain the holder of the dollars.

Fiserv’s October 1 release says more than 90 participating banks and credit unions have a way to conduct bank-to-bank transactions. It does not publish a list of active users, completed transactions, daily settlement volume or time saved against their existing rails. Access is a product reach claim. It is not evidence that all those institutions are moving funds today. Crypto.news’ launch report correctly identifies VersaBank as issuer and notes the divergence in product labels.

BND describes participation as voluntary and says the product is for financial institutions only. This is not a coin a North Dakota resident can buy to speculate on the state economy. The public chain verifies transfers of a permissioned asset. It does not make membership open to every wallet. The bank’s use of Solana answers where transactions are recorded, while its own controls determine who may initiate them.

The number 90 is also different from the number of FDIC-insured institutions in North Dakota. BND’s ecosystem page lists 61 such institutions with $64.9 billion of assets as of the first quarter of 2026, and separately describes credit unions. The access count combines banks and credit unions, while the FDIC statistic counts an insured bank category. Dividing 90 by 61 to claim more than full statewide adoption would mix denominators and mistake eligibility for usage.

The dollar enters a designated account first BND says minting occurs only after a transfer from a financial institution’s operating account to a designated account for the benefit of, or FBO, that institution is confirmed. The issuer can then create the token. Each participating institution maintains an FBO VersaBank Custody Account. The combined FBO account structure backs the tokens one-to-one with U.S. dollars, according to BND, with reconciliation through Fiserv and BND oversight.

Follow a hypothetical $1 million transfer. The sending bank moves $1 million of conventional funds into the designated FBO structure and, after confirmation, $1 million of tokens may be minted. A token sent to a receiving bank’s wallet represents movement within the scheme. Under BND’s described autoburn configuration, arrival at the receiving wallet triggers a burn instruction, which initiates the offchain leg. A burn reduces the circulating token supply; it does not by itself deposit spendable dollars in a receiving bank’s account. Account postings and reconciliation must complete the claim.

That separation is crucial. An onchain observer could see a million tokens minted and burned, but cannot inspect the FBO ledger or verify the timing of fiat credits from Solana data alone. A bank examiner can inspect both. A public user should not be asked to infer full dollar backing from a zero or low end-of-day token balance, because autoburn intentionally keeps the onchain balance low. The relevant audit trail joins mint confirmation, transfer, burn, reserve debit, receiving credit and any exception.

ICYMI: North Dakota is launching its own stablecoin🏦

The Bank of North Dakota will issue "Roughrider Coin" with @Fiserv — a dollar-backed stablecoin for local banks and merchants, marking the first state-issued token in the U.S. pic.twitter.com/H1AvskZDKG

— crypto.news (@cryptodotnews) October 8, 2025 The BND page says funds movements are netted daily against an FBO VersaBank Concentration Account held at BND. It describes BND and Fiserv pushing and pulling ACH files among FBO accounts. That means a near-instant token event and a later conventional banking process can coexist in one transaction. The public chain’s finality is one component, not an assertion that every offchain ledger, ACH entry and customer balance is final in the same instant.

The bearer of the claim is the uncomfortable question Fiserv says VersaBank issues the coin and manages reserve assets. BND says each institution maintains an FBO VersaBank Custody Account, with daily netting against the concentration account. Those descriptions point toward the issuer and account structure, but they do not publish every participant contract, insolvency provision or redemption agreement. One should not invent a blanket state guarantee because the state bank sponsors the project.

A participating bank should ask which legal entity owes it the dollar at each stage. Before minting, it holds a conventional account claim. While the token is outstanding, it holds whatever rights the program agreement gives a token holder against the issuer and underlying account structure. After autoburn, it must rely on the promised account settlement. The exact transition of rights is a matter of documentation. It is not settled by the word stablecoin or deposit in a press release.

This is an especially useful question when a transfer straddles the end of the banking day. If the token burned at 11:58 p.m. but an ACH file or concentration-account adjustment posts later, where is the recipient’s legally enforceable value during that interval? The program may have procedures that cover it. BND’s public page does not set out a complete legal waterfall. An examiner and participating bank should be able to trace it from the participant agreement and books.

The alternative interpretation deserves space. BND describes this as a token deposit rail that keeps deposits and oversight within a regulated ecosystem. The account structure and institutional limitation support that goal. A banking network can offer a new way to move value without inviting retail circulation or a public secondary market. But the benefits are strongest when the sponsor discloses the participant’s claim and demonstrates that daily netting consistently matches token events.

A failed payment has several possible states Consider an institution that submits a $500,000 transfer at 10 p.m. The instruction can fail before the token is minted because its FBO funding was not confirmed. It can fail after mint but before broadcast because a wallet policy rejects the destination. It can be broadcast yet not reach the receiving bank because the address is frozen or wrong. It can reach the wallet and burn while the receiving account credit waits for an offchain reconciliation. These are four different incidents, each with a different place to look for the dollars.

An operator should be able to answer, for each state, whether the sending bank still owns a conventional dollar claim, whether a token remains outstanding, and whether the recipient may already credit its customer. A dashboard that labels the whole instruction failed or complete without separating these states can hide a double payment or a trapped balance. The exception log needs a unique reference connecting the bank instruction, reserve movement, mint signature, chain transaction, burn and resulting account entry.

Suppose the first instruction times out and a clerk retries it. If the first token transfer actually succeeded, the retry could send another $500,000 unless the system recognizes the original instruction identifier. Conversely, if the retry is suppressed but the first instruction never reached the chain, the receiving bank may be waiting on a payment that will not arrive. Idempotency, the rule that repeating an instruction does not repeat its economic effect, is a routine payments concept with an unusually visible onchain consequence here.

The Fiserv and BND descriptions do not publish an exception-rate series or a full failure-state diagram. That is a gap in public evidence, not proof the operators lack controls. A bank joining the network should request test cases for each state and an incident escalation matrix naming the party empowered to fix it. The more automatic the burn and posting, the more important it is to know who can pause an inconsistent instruction without making a second inconsistent entry.

Permissioned token, permissionless ledger BND says the asset uses Solana’s public chain with built-in access controls and cites freeze and clawback capabilities available through Token-2022 extensions. This architecture separates validation from eligibility. Solana validators process transactions according to network rules; the issuer’s token rules and participant onboarding decide which institutions can hold or move Roughrider Coin. Public visibility of a transfer does not mean public redemption.

The freeze function is operationally useful for suspected fraud or sanctions compliance. It is also a power that must be governed. Who can trigger it, how many approvals are needed, whether a mistaken freeze can be reversed, and how the receiving bank is notified are program questions. A clawback may help resolve an erroneous transfer, but it qualifies any shorthand claim that the token leg is absolutely irreversible. The precise rights depend on the deployed token configuration and the legal terms, not the generic capability of a Solana extension.

Fireblocks-secured multiparty computation wallets divide signing authority, according to BND. That design can reduce exposure of a single secret. A participating bank still needs to know who can approve a transfer, change the policy, recover access or disable a compromised endpoint. If Fiserv’s Commercial Center is the only interface used by staff, its authorization rules become part of the custody perimeter even though the transaction settles on Solana.

The same goes for network outages. A chain can be operational while the bank portal, issuer approval engine or Fireblocks service is unavailable. Conversely, an institution can prepare a payment in the portal while Solana cannot finalize it at the expected time. A service-level claim should specify the whole route, measured from bank instruction to spendable fiat at the recipient, and disclose exclusions. Chain throughput alone measures a narrower step.

The comparison with ACH has to use one clock BND’s page contrasts near-instant, around-the-clock token settlement with legacy ACH and wire cutoffs. It lists approximate per-transaction costs in a table, including about one cent for Roughrider Coin, but these are sponsor estimates, not a public independent measurement of all-in bank costs. There may be platform fees, liquidity costs, compliance expense and exception handling outside the token transfer fee. A claim of savings requires the same endpoints and cost categories for each rail.

For an ordinary bank-to-bank transfer, the total elapsed time can be partitioned into instruction, approval, funding, token mint, chain confirmation, token burn, fiat posting and reconciliation. If a token crosses the chain in seconds but the recipient can use dollars only after an ACH cycle, the operational benefit is smaller than the settlement headline suggests. If the participant credits usable funds immediately under contractual rules while netting later, the risk has shifted to the institutions that advance that liquidity. Both models can be legitimate; their economics differ.

An apples-to-apples test would take a sample of matched payments, including nights and weekends, and measure the median and worst-case time from authorized instruction to available recipient balance. It would count manual exceptions and failed transactions, not only successes. It would also compare the intraday funding tied up in the FBO accounts with conventional rails. A faster message that requires more idle dollars may not be cheaper for every community bank.

Crypto.news’ earlier account of the original Roughrider plan predates this live platform. The launch is a real step beyond an announcement. It does not yet provide the public throughput and cost dataset needed to score the step against ACH, wires, FedNow or RTP across a year of operation.

Words such as bank, deposit and state-owned invite a reader to assume a familiar guarantee. Roughrider’s public description does not, by itself, identify the beneficiary of any federal deposit insurance on each underlying FBO balance, the conditions for pass-through coverage, or how an individual institution’s claim would be treated if an intermediary failed. Those are matters for account records, contracts and applicable insurance rules. The token’s branding cannot supply them.

The same caution applies to state backing. BND’s oversight role is substantial, but it is separate from VersaBank’s stated role as issuer and reserve manager. An institution should not treat sponsorship as an unconditional state promise unless the governing documents say so. If a reserve account is held at a bank, the risk analysis should identify that bank, its account title and any concentration of funds. If several institutions share an FBO concentration structure, their underlying allocations need a reliable subledger.

There is a practical way to test the proposition before a large payment. Have the participant’s legal and treasury teams trace one dollar through each entity and account, including an issuer failure, a platform outage and an erroneous transfer. At each point ask who owes whom, which record proves the amount, and which party can instruct a correction. If two parties both appear to owe the same dollar, investigate double counting. If neither clearly owes it between burn and fiat credit, investigate a gap. The answer may be sound, but the public announcement does not supply the complete contract chain.

Fiserv’s platform is bigger than this coin Fiserv says its platform can support tokenized deposits, global currency accounts, cross-border payments, card issuance and treasury automation. Those are platform capabilities or prospective use cases, not evidence that Roughrider Coin is already a public retail payment network. Its first live case has a narrow geography and institutional membership. That narrowness may be a strength: the participants have established banking relationships, shared operational channels and a bounded reason to exchange value.

The broader bank stablecoin integration trend reported by crypto.news shows why payment software vendors want reusable rails. This transaction, however, has a specific issuer and a specific North Dakota account loop. General platform ambition cannot answer a participant’s redemption question.

There is a naming collision with FIUSD. Crypto.news reported Fiserv’s prior FIUSD plan, which discussed a separate bank-friendly stablecoin and Solana integration. Roughrider Coin is a specific BND use case issued by VersaBank. Treating the two as the same asset would erase the issuer and redemption structure that determine the holder’s rights.

Expansion creates a new question. A token useful for transfers among BND partner institutions may not work unchanged in a national, cross-border or consumer setting. Onboarding rules, reserve structures, sanctions controls and the redemption party would need to fit the new users. A platform can reuse software without reusing every legal promise. That is why the first deployment is a useful case study rather than a universal template.

The strongest argument for the project comes from the banks’ current constraints. Smaller institutions may struggle to build their own continuous settlement systems, and access through a familiar Fiserv interface could reduce that barrier. BND says participation is voluntary. The counterweight is dependence on a stack of providers. A shared platform may simplify each bank’s work while concentrating operational failures across the network. Both effects should show up in measured uptime, exceptions and recovery procedures.

The difference between a bank deposit claim and a token holder’s claim also matters across the industry. Crypto.news’ reporting on the bank debate over stablecoin rewards shows how sharply banks distinguish deposits from circulating tokens when assessing funding. Roughrider’s restricted membership and FBO account design deserve analysis on their own terms, not an assumption that every token has the same effect on deposits.

The reserve math must include tokens in transit At a cutoff, a simple balance equation is outstanding token liabilities equals dollars assigned to backing, subject to the program’s exact legal definition and any disclosed settlement items. Autoburn makes the left side jump down quickly. The auditor cannot stop there. It must also count any bank entitlement arising from a token already burned but not yet credited in the receiving account. Otherwise a low token supply could coexist with a large unsettled obligation hidden outside the displayed reserve ratio.

Take a toy end-of-day example. Assume $4 million of tokens remain outstanding, $2 million have burned but await recipient account posting, and $6 million of funds are in designated backing and concentration accounts. The economic claims to reconcile may total $6 million, even though the onchain supply is only $4 million. This is an illustration of accounting scope, not a claim about actual Roughrider balances. If a reserve report compares $6 million with only $4 million, its 150% ratio could look exceptionally strong while saying nothing about the pending $2 million. If the report covers both claims, the ratio is 100% in this stylized case.

The reverse problem is also possible. Funds may have arrived in a designated account while minting is pending, making backing dollars temporarily larger than issued tokens. The extra balance is a liability to the funding institution even though it is not yet token supply. A useful assurance report specifies which deposits are awaiting mint, which burns await offchain credit and which amounts are truly unencumbered. It should disclose whether balances are measured continuously, at business-day close or at a sample time.

South Dakota lawmaker renews push to allow state Bitcoin investments

A South Dakota lawmaker has reintroduced a bill that would let the state invest public funds in Bitcoin, reviving a debate that stalled last year.

— crypto.news (@cryptodotnews) January 28, 2026 BND’s daily netting means a public chain observer cannot do that complete calculation. Participating banks and supervisors can inspect the account records, and an independent attestor could summarize them without revealing each payment. The program’s maturity will show in whether it publishes such a scope statement, not just a headline backing percentage.

Public verification stops at the ledger boundary An outside observer can examine Solana transactions if the mint and relevant addresses are disclosed. That observer might calculate minted supply, burns and transfer counts. The observer cannot independently see every bank’s FBO balance or legal account entitlement. A reserve attestation, if published, should state its cutoff, account scope, liabilities covered and whether tokens in transit or awaiting autoburn were included. One-to-one backing is an assertion to reconcile, not a property bestowed by a public chain.

BND says the program follows a GENIUS Act framework including reserve backing, attestations, disclosures and compliance controls. The practical question is when and where these assurances are published and how frequently they match the live obligation. A bank participant will have contractual and supervisory access that the public does not. A reader should not infer absence of controls merely because full account data are private, nor infer verified reserves merely from a sponsor statement.

The first meaningful performance report would publish active institution count, transaction count and value, median end-to-end settlement time, failed and reversed attempts, and reserve or liability reconciliation exceptions for a specified period. None of those requires publishing a community bank’s confidential customer payments. Each would make the network’s claimed gains testable and distinguish enrollment from use.

The coin is live. Whether it becomes better banking infrastructure will depend on the boring links between a token event and a dollar claim. The more successful the network becomes, the more important it is to show those links clearly.

What to watch Active usage: Count institutions that actually transact, not just the more than 90 with access. End-to-end timing: Measure authorized instruction to usable recipient balance, including the offchain account leg. Reserve reconciliation: Look for dated attestations that tie token liabilities, FBO accounts and unsettled amounts together. Exception records: Check whether freezes, reversals, failed burns and outages are reported with resolution times. Legal claim: Read participant terms identifying the issuer’s redemption obligation and BND’s separate oversight role. FAQ Can anyone buy Roughrider Coin? No. BND says it is a permissioned asset for financial institutions and is not available to retail consumers or investors.

Did Bank of North Dakota issue it? BND sponsors and oversees the program. Fiserv and BND identify VersaBank USA as the issuer responsible for minting, burning, custody and reserves.

Why use Solana if only banks can participate? The public network processes and verifies permitted token transactions. Eligibility and redemption remain controlled by the banking program.

Are more than 90 banks already using it? Fiserv describes access for more than 90 banks and credit unions. It has not supplied a public active-user or transaction-volume count in its launch release.

What happens to a token when the receiving bank gets it? BND describes an autoburn instruction on receipt, followed by offchain account settlement and daily netting. The bank records complete the dollar movement.

Does one token always equal one dollar? The program says tokens are backed one-to-one. An independent assessment requires matching liabilities to reserves and examining contractual redemption rights at a dated cutoff.

Is this the same as Fiserv’s FIUSD? No. Roughrider Coin is the BND-sponsored institutional use case issued by VersaBank. FIUSD was described as a separate Fiserv plan.

What should a participating bank verify first? It should trace the dollar claim from funding through mint, transfer, burn and account posting, including exceptions and issuer failure. This is educational analysis, not investment advice.

Disclaimer: This article is for information and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial or investment advice. Figures reflect regulatory filings and reporting available at the time of writing and change with each disclosure. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security or asset. Always do your own research. Information is accurate as of October 2, 2026.

Maji has notched 10 consecutive wins in PUMP swing trading over the past five days, generating approximately $1.34 million in profit.

According to Lookonchain monitoring, trader Ma Ji has secured 10 consecutive wins in PUMP swing trades over the past 5 days, totaling approximately $1.34 million in profit. His current long positions include 33,950 ETH (valued at around $92.56 million), 409 BTC (worth ~$35.22 million), and 180,000 HYPE (valued at ~$16.16 million).

8 minutes ago

Machi Wins 10 Consecutive $PUMP Trades, Profits $1.34M in 5 Days

Machi(@machibigbrother) has been doing well on $PUMP recently. He has won 10 $PUMP trades in a row over the past 5 days, making a total profit of $1.34M. Current long positions: 33,950 $ETH ($92.56M) 409 $BTC ($35.22M) 180,000 $HYPE ($16.16M)

8 minutes ago

ENS official address sells another 1,097 ETH, worth approximately $3 million.

According to Lookonchain's monitoring, the ENS official address (ens.eth) sold 1,097 ETH again four hours ago, at an average price of roughly $2,743 per ETH, for a total value of approximately $3 million.

8 minutes ago

Bitcoin falls below $86,000, with its intraday gain narrowing to 1.31%

According to HTX market data, Bitcoin has fallen below $86,000, currently trading at $85,990.62, with its intraday gain narrowing to 1.31%.

8 minutes ago

ENS Domain Seller Offloads 1,097 $ETH ($3M) at $2,743

ens.eth(@ensdomains) sold another 1,097 $ETH ($3M) at $2,743 4 hours ago.

8 minutes ago

Data: Multiple crypto projects will see large VC and team token unlocks in Q4, with Monad expected to unlock tokens worth 131.6% of its current market capitalization.

According to CryptoRank data, the fourth quarter of 2026 will bring the first major token unlock after the initial cliff period for multiple crypto projects, affecting investors, teams, early supporters and other early participants, which may exert new pressure on token supply. Projected unlock values are as follows: MON at roughly $521 million, STABLE at ~$353 million, KITE at ~$119 million, LIT at ~$52 million, PIEVERSE at ~$46 million, and ALLO at ~$43 million. CryptoRank notes that Monad (MON) will see the largest unlock among these projects, valued at approximately $521 million, equivalent to 131.6% of its current market capitalization.

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Solana’s official X account posted that the number of tokenized stock holders on Solana has hit an all-time high of 1.2 million, with 775,000 new holders joining in September alone.

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Key Highlights Forward Industries (FWDI) shares climbed 8% during Friday’s premarket session. The firm expanded its Solana token holdings by 13% during the fiscal fourth quarter, reaching 8.5 million SOL. SOL holdings per share increased 10% from the previous quarter, translating to approximately 42% on an annualized basis. The company’s net asset value surged to $870.4 million by September 30, nearly twice the prior quarter’s figure. Forward’s position in OnRe, a tokenized reinsurance platform, gained 41% in market capitalization throughout the quarter. Shares of [[LINK_START_1]]Forward Industries (FWDI)[[LINK_END_1]] rallied 8% in Friday’s premarket hours following the company’s disclosure of substantially increased Solana token reserves.

Forward Industries, Inc., FWDI

The company, which operates a treasury-focused business model, announced it acquired 948,601 SOL tokens throughout its fiscal fourth quarter ending September 30. This purchase brought the firm’s aggregate Solana position to 8.5 million tokens.

The acquisition represents a 13% expansion compared to the 7.6 million SOL held three months earlier at the close of June. The company paid an average price of $83 per token for these additions.

Forward’s position now accounts for approximately 1.4% of Solana’s total circulating token supply—a significant concentration for any single corporate entity.

First Year Performance Metrics The fourth quarter marked the conclusion of Forward’s inaugural fiscal year implementing its Solana-centric investment approach. The annual performance metrics paint a compelling picture.

On a fully diluted basis, SOL per share expanded 33% across the twelve-month period. The metric advanced from 0.0604 one year earlier to 0.0806 at quarter end.

Looking at sequential quarterly growth, the same measurement increased 10%. When extrapolated annually, this pace suggests approximately 42% expansion.

The company financed a portion of this quarter’s token acquisitions through equity issuance. Management noted the transaction remained accretive, as SOL-per-share metrics continued rising even with additional shares entering circulation.

Basic shares outstanding expanded from 73.8 million to 76.3 million. Meanwhile, fully diluted shares grew from 103.5 million to 105.5 million.

Diversified Ecosystem Exposure Forward’s Solana strategy extends beyond passive token accumulation. The company’s investment in OnRe, a tokenized reinsurance protocol built on Solana, has generated substantial returns.

The platform’s native token, ONyc, experienced a 41% market capitalization increase during the quarter. Its valuation climbed from approximately $203.4 million to $286.2 million.

That valuation has effectively doubled since Forward’s initial investment in May. The overall tokenized asset ecosystem on Solana also expanded significantly, growing from $3.3 billion to $4.3 billion throughout the same timeframe.

Chief Investment Officer Ryan Navi has articulated the firm’s vision as constructing a Berkshire Hathaway-style conglomerate for the Solana ecosystem. The strategy combines access to both debt and equity capital markets with diversified yield generation and strategic positions across multiple projects.

Forward’s net asset value reached $870.4 million as of September 30. This figure represents nearly double the $481.3 million recorded at the conclusion of June.

The company’s institutional debt obligations also increased, rising to $167.5 million from $105 million during the quarter. On a fully diluted basis, NAV per share stood at $8.25, with the market-to-NAV ratio calculated at 0.946x.

Solana just extended its winning streak. Spot trading volume on the network’s decentralized exchanges climbed 16.6% to $197 billion in Q3 2026, leading every other blockchain for the fifth consecutive quarter.

The numbers behind the quarter On Solana, those vending machines stayed busy all quarter. The $197 billion spot total marks a 16.6% jump from Q2, according to the figures shared in the original report.

September did a lot of the heavy lifting. Solana Compass put the month’s onchain spot DEX volume at approximately $184 billion.

Not every tracker sees it the same way, though. DefiLlama reported September volume closer to $78 billion, a gap the research attributes to different reporting methodologies.

Separate tallies put total DEX volume for Q3 at around $168 billion by late September.

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Transactions, trade counts and the NYSE comparison Solana Compass recorded more than 8.78 billion non-vote transactions in Q3, a record for the network. Non-vote transactions are the ones users actually generate, as opposed to the housekeeping messages validators send to keep consensus running.

Some analyses suggest total transactions, votes included, topped 14 billion for the quarter. Daily averages ranged from 120 million to 154 million transactions over the period.

In one week of September, Solana’s DEX trade count reached around 208 million, compared with roughly 190 million on the New York Stock Exchange.

That comparison deserves some context. A trade count is not the same as dollar value, and a memecoin swap worth a few dollars counts the same as a large institutional block trade.

What drove the activity The research points to three main engines behind the quarter’s growth: high-frequency memecoin trading, stablecoin swaps and an expanding roster of tokenized assets.

Several protocols handled the bulk of the flow. PumpSwap, Orca and Raydium were among the key DEX venues supporting Solana’s trading activity during the quarter.

SOL trading volumes on centralized exchanges declined, even as onchain activity climbed. At the same time, daily active addresses and SOL wallet counts rose.

What this means for traders and the broader market The decline in centralized SOL volume is the detail to watch most closely. If trading keeps migrating from exchanges to onchain venues, the economics of where fees and liquidity accumulate could shift meaningfully over time.

There are caveats. The heavy reliance on memecoin activity means a portion of the volume rides on speculative sentiment, which can cool quickly. A memecoin slowdown would likely show up in trade counts first.

The data discrepancies are another factor. With Solana Compass and DefiLlama reporting very different September figures, anyone citing these numbers should note which source and methodology they are using.

Disclosure: This article was edited by Vivian Nguyen. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.

Key Highlights SOL currently hovers around $121, experiencing a 4% decline over 24 hours following resistance tests at the $120 level. Alpenglow network upgrade has launched on testnet, targeting transaction finality below 100 milliseconds. September marked a nine-month peak for Solana application revenue, reaching $180 million. Spot Solana ETFs in the United States attracted $271 million during September, marking the strongest 10-month performance. Technical analysts anticipate potential consolidation around $110-$112 before continuation toward $150 levels. As of October 2, Solana is changing hands at approximately $121.63, reflecting a nearly 4% decline over the previous 24-hour period. This retraction occurred after SOL tested the $120 threshold, a key resistance point that previously served as a technical milestone. Current trading activity registers $3.7 billion in volume, representing roughly 5.6% of the token’s circulating supply valuation.

Solana (SOL) Price The downward movement arrives in the wake of U.S. inflation figures that came in below market expectations. Nevertheless, bearish momentum has persisted throughout the cryptocurrency sector during this period.

Market focus has shifted significantly toward the Alpenglow network enhancement. This technical upgrade is currently operational across Solana’s testing and development environments, allowing engineers to evaluate its practical implementation and performance metrics.

Alpenglow’s Technical Impact on Solana Network The Alpenglow enhancement aims to reduce transaction finality from approximately 12 seconds down to sub-100 millisecond timeframes. Initial testing environment data indicates the upgrade may exceed these performance benchmarks.

Should mainnet deployment prove successful, Solana would establish significant throughput superiority compared to Ethereum and BNB Chain. The network would simultaneously offer lower transaction costs than EVM-compatible chains while preserving a more decentralized validator distribution than BNB.

Parallel to technical developments, Solana’s decentralized application ecosystem continues expanding. September’s application revenue totaled $180 million, representing the strongest monthly performance since January and securing Solana’s 32% market share of cross-chain blockchain revenue.

On a single day—September 11—the platform produced approximately $8 million from decentralized application activity. Throughout that same week, decentralized exchange volume reached $16.59 billion, contributing to Solana’s all-time DEX volume surpassing the $3 trillion milestone.

Institutional Investment Flows and Technical Support Zones Investment vehicle adoption has introduced an additional bullish narrative. Spot Solana exchange-traded funds in the United States accumulated $188.2 million in net purchases during the week concluding September 25, representing the second-largest weekly intake since product launches.

Market analyst Ash Crypto drew attention to this pattern explicitly. “$SOL is up +70% in the last 60 days. And the institutional demand is getting harder to ignore. Spot SOL ETFs bought approximately $271M worth of SOL in September — the largest monthly inflow in 10 months,” the analyst noted, suggesting that price action combined with institutional accumulation may drive SOL’s next upward leg.

One particularly strong session on September 26 delivered $86.6 million in single-day inflows, establishing a record for these investment products. Solana’s decentralized finance infrastructure has expanded in tandem, with total value locked exceeding $6.5 billion.

From a technical perspective, SOL achieved a local peak around $126 before entering a series of descending highs. Data from CoinMarketCap positioned the asset near $116.9 on October 1, following settlement prices of $122 on September 27 and $118 on September 28.

Traders are monitoring whether SOL maintains its present support structure. A retracement toward the $110-$112 zone is viewed as a probable consolidation phase preceding any sustained advance toward the $150 objective, which correlates with expectations surrounding Alpenglow’s mainnet activation.

At the most recent update, SOL was valued at $121.85.

Colosseum has rolled out Copilot v2, a beefed-up version of its AI agent that digs into hackathon projects and suggests tools for building on Solana.

The upgrade launched on October 1, 2026. It now draws on 8,286 projects spread across five hackathons.

What Copilot v2 actually does The new version folds in submissions from the recent Frontier Hackathon. Those join an existing archive of 5,428 entries from earlier events.

Developers can use it to review their own projects. They can also study how hackathon entries have shifted over time and surface relevant tools and libraries from Colosseum’s resources.

One of the headline features is tagging. Copilot v2 can identify which tools appeared in past submissions, so builders can see what others actually reached for rather than guessing.

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Trend analysis is the other big addition. The tool flagged that payment-related projects rose from 4.1% to 8.4% between hackathons.

Copilot v2 also tailors recommendations to a user’s specific tech stack. Tell it what you are building with, and it suggests tools that fit, instead of handing over a generic starter list.

How developers get access The tool works with several AI agents, including Claude Code, Codex, and OpenClaw. Access is free, though it requires a Colosseum account.

Setup comes in two flavors. Users can configure it through a prompt or go the manual route, depending on how hands-on they prefer to be.

Under the hood, Copilot v2 pulls from three types of data. Those are structured hackathon records, a research library, and cross-ecosystem metadata.

Despite that cross-ecosystem input, the tool keeps its operations focused on Solana.

Every claim the tool sources comes with citations.

From version one to version two The original Copilot arrived in March 2026. At launch it had access to an initial archive of thousands of hackathon submissions.

About seven months later, the archive has grown to cover five hackathons. The feature set has also expanded from lookup toward analysis, tagging, and personalized guidance.

Colosseum runs multi-chain hackathons as part of its broader work. Its current event goes by the name “Crypto World’s Fair.”

There is no token tied to this launch, and the release is aimed squarely at developer support and hackathon facilitation.

Disclosure: This article was edited by Diego Almada Lopez. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.

VersaBank issues the bank-only token, which Fiserv says serves a North Dakota network of more than 90 banks and credit unions.

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NEAR Intents has identified the individual responsible for the security vulnerability that caused roughly $3.8 million in user fund losses on Thursday, and has given the person a 48-hour deadline to return the funds under the "responsible disclosure" framework. Alex Shevchenko, general manager of NEAR Intents, stated: "We have confirmed your identity." The company also released three distinct wallet addresses to receive Bitcoin, BNB, and Solana. "You understand how responsible disclosure works better than most — this is your final opportunity to take advantage of this mechanism. The window will close after 48 hours," Shevchenko added. On Thursday, NEAR Intents suspended its related services after detecting a vulnerability in the interaction between the Omni deposit and withdrawal infrastructure and NEAR Intents smart contracts.

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MPL-3643 is a tokenization standard that enables institutional-grade real-world asset tokenization on Solana

, /PRNewswire/ -- Metaplex, the leading tokenization platform on Solana, today announced the launch of MPL-3643, a tokenization standard that enables compliant issuance and management of permissioned real-world assets and tokenized securities on Solana.  The standard allows issuers to bring regulated assets to Solana while leveraging the network's sub-second finality, high throughput, and low fees.

Issuing regulated assets on public blockchains has historically been challenging, as standard tokens lack mechanisms to verify investor identities, enforce eligibility requirements, or manage transfer restrictions at the token level. MPL-3643 provides standardized, customizable tools for issuers to issue permissioned assets directly on Solana while adapting to requirements across jurisdictions. With Solana already seeing growing adoption of RWAs and wrapped, tokenized securities, this standard builds on that momentum by enabling these assets to be issued directly onchain and opening the door to a new wave of asset types coming to the network.

The standard embeds customizable rules for transfer restrictions, lockup periods, and jurisdiction limits directly into the asset. By integrating with trusted identity partners and the Solana Attestation Service, investors can reuse their verification across different MPL-3643 token issuers, reducing the need to provide the same information repeatedly. These rules are enforced programmatically at the token level, applying the issuer's configured eligibility and transfer restrictions.

"To bring financial markets onchain, we need compliance infrastructure without sacrificing Solana's composability or promise of open markets," said Stephen Hess, founder of Metaplex. "MPL-3643 provides that foundation, enabling existing public-market assets to fully move onchain while also unlocking new ways for private markets to reach global investors."

As regulators increasingly explore permissioned trading of tokenized assets, MPL-3643 provides the underlying infrastructure to bring permissioned real-world assets onchain. Built around issuer controls, programmable transfer restrictions, and verified-wallet access, the standard is designed to support compliant, onchain use of permissioned assets as institutional tokenization continues to expand. This gives issuers the infrastructure to participate in the next wave of institutional adoption on Solana.

"MPL-3643 assembles primitives on Solana into one standard, so an issuer configures compliance into the asset rather than wiring those pieces together themselves," said Ilan Gitter, Head of Ecosystem Engineering, Solana Foundation.

Built on core Solana infrastructure including Token-2022, sRFC 37, and the Solana Attestation Service, MPL-3643 brings ERC-3643-equivalent functionality to Solana while leveraging its built-in account controls to manage compliance efficiently. This allows permissioned assets to move across the network without adding significant processing requirements to each transaction.

At launch, MPL-3643 will integrate with leading Solana platforms including Orca, Raydium, Solflare, Jupiter, and Phantom, bringing support for compliant assets across the network's trading and wallet ecosystem. MPL-3643 is currently in limited-access Alpha. Issuers, tokenized securities venues, tokenization platforms, and developers interested in issuing or supporting permissioned assets on Solana can contact Metaplex for alpha access at https://metaplex.com.

Stephen Hess is available for interview upon request

ABOUT METAPLEX
Metaplex is the leading tokenization platform on Solana, providing everything needed to launch and trade onchain assets. Metaplex offers first-party applications for launching and trading, enabled by a developer platform that has powered virtually all asset creation on Solana across asset types, from memecoins and project tokens to tokenized collectibles and real-world assets.

By connecting issuers and traders, Metaplex enables the formation of global onchain markets, creating a seamless path from issuance to trading. MPLX is the native token of the Metaplex ecosystem, with 50% of protocol revenue allocated to MPLX buybacks for the Metaplex DAO.

SOURCE Metaplex

Circle minted about 13.50 billion USDC on Solana in September. That is the largest monthly stablecoin mint the network has ever recorded.

A month of very large deposits The September total did not come from one giant event. Circle issued USDC in repeated batches throughout the month, frequently in tranches of $250 million.

On some occasions the pace climbed to $500 million within short intervals.

The busiest stretch came early in the month. Circle minted $3 billion of USDC within a single 24-hour window, according to the research compiled for this story.

Many of these transactions were flagged by Whale Alert, the on-chain tracking service known for posting large crypto transfers as they happen.

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For comparison, gross USDC minting on Solana in August came to approximately $11 billion. At the time, that was the highest monthly figure on record for the chain.

Minted is not the same as circulating The headline number deserves a footnote. Gross minting measures how much USDC Circle created, not how much new USDC is actually floating around in wallets and apps.

Many large mints first land in treasury or issuer-controlled wallets before being distributed. As a result, net growth in circulating supply tends to be milder than the gross figures suggest.

By late August, USDC supply on Solana had passed $8 billion, which represented more than 10% of all USDC globally.

Every USDC is backed 1:1 by US dollar reserves, so large mints reflect real dollars moving into Circle’s system to be represented on-chain.

Solana’s stablecoin moment By September 25, Solana’s total stablecoin supply reached an all-time high of around $17.3 billion.

That figure is driven mainly by USDC and Tether, the two largest dollar-pegged tokens.

Circle has also been busy off-chain. In September, it struck a deal with Binance that included a $100 million equity stake and a multi-year agreement to promote USDC.

What this means The gross-versus-net distinction is the key thing to watch. Record mints make for eye-catching numbers, but circulating supply is the better gauge of how much USDC is actually being used on the network.

If net supply keeps climbing alongside gross issuance, it would point to dollars settling into Solana’s ecosystem rather than passing through. If the gap stays wide, the story is more about Solana as a high-speed transit route for institutional dollar flows.

The next data points worth tracking are October’s gross mint total, Solana’s circulating USDC supply, and whether the network’s total stablecoin supply holds above the roughly $17.3 billion peak set in late September.

Disclosure: This article was edited by Kaye Quema. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.

Solana just had its busiest three months on record. The network processed more than 14 billion transactions in the third quarter of 2026, the highest quarterly total it has ever posted.

Research data puts the figure at approximately 14.2 billion, a 45% jump from the previous quarter.

The numbers behind the record Daily active addresses averaged about 4.1 million in Q3, a 12% increase over Q2. Average daily transactions came in at 120 million, up 8% quarter-over-quarter.

On its busiest days, the network handled more than 169 million transactions.

Wallets holding SOL climbed to 8.38 million, a 20.5% increase from the prior quarter.

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The number of stablecoin holders on Solana rose to 13.07 million, up 16% over the same period.

On-chain card payment volume reached $262.7 million in Q3, already surpassing the entire total for Q2.

Upgrades did some of the heavy lifting In late July, Solana rolled out SIMD-0286, a compute limit increase. In mid-September, the network transitioned to a new transaction format. Through both changes, block times held steady near 400 milliseconds.

The research also tracked successful non-vote transactions, which strip out the consensus messages validators send to keep the network in sync. September recorded approximately 3.2 billion successful non-vote transactions, the third consecutive monthly record.

What this means for SOL and the wider ecosystem SOL was trading around $117 in early October 2026, with an estimated circulating market cap between $60 billion and $70 billion.

Daily trading volumes also declined during the period, even as on-chain activity climbed.

Wallet counts up 20.5% alongside lower trading volume could point toward holders settling in for the longer term rather than flipping tokens.

Stablecoin holders grew to 13.07 million, positioning Solana as a serious settlement layer for dollar-pegged tokens. Card payment volume of $262.7 million surpassed the prior quarter’s total before Q3 even wrapped.

Risks remain. Higher compute limits and a new transaction format put more strain on validators, and sustaining 400-millisecond block times under heavier loads is an ongoing test.

Disclosure: This article was edited by Estefano Gomez. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.

Shinhan Bank has finished a stablecoin pilot for corporate overseas remittances, built with technical support from the Solana Foundation.

The headline feature is what corporate clients did not have to do. They never opened a crypto wallet or held a stablecoin, and their banking routine stayed exactly the same.

The South Korean lender announced the completion of the proof-of-concept on September 30, 2026.

How the pilot worked Shinhan designed the test to copy the real remittance operations of a large Korean corporation.

The pilot covered the full workflow, from counterparty registration through execution and final settlement.

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Stablecoin-based transfers and settlements were plugged into the bank’s existing systems.

To handle privacy, Shinhan ran the process on a private solution on the Solana network. The goal was to keep sensitive transaction details confidential while still supporting transparent validation of each transaction.

Shinhan said the trial let it evaluate both the technical performance and the operational viability of the setup.

A two-track bet on Solana The corporate pilot is not Shinhan Financial’s only Solana project. Its sister company, Shinhan Card, has been exploring retail stablecoin payments in a separate collaboration with Solana, announced on April 30, 2026.

The two efforts are distinct. One targets corporate treasury desks moving money overseas, while the other looks at consumer payments.

The backdrop is South Korea’s regulatory picture. The country’s Digital Asset Basic Act remains under development, and it is intended to give digital assets a more structured legal framework.

Shinhan has indicated that its next step is to assess whether the system can become a real-world service, in line with regulatory frameworks.

What this means for banks, corporates and Solana The most notable design decision is the invisibility of the stablecoin layer. Shinhan is not asking corporate clients to adopt crypto. It is asking whether crypto rails can quietly sit beneath the services clients already use.

With the Digital Asset Basic Act still pending, Shinhan cannot launch a commercial product on a proof-of-concept alone. Its rollout timing depends on how lawmakers define the rules for stablecoins and the banks that handle them.

Market watchers have a few concrete items to monitor. The first is progress on the Digital Asset Basic Act, which will likely determine whether pilots like this graduate into products. The second is whether Shinhan publishes a timeline for a commercial corporate remittance service.

The third is whether other Korean lenders announce comparable trials. Finally, watch how the corporate and retail tracks inside Shinhan Financial develop, as both Shinhan Bank and Shinhan Card are now running separate Solana-based stablecoin initiatives.

Disclosure: This article was edited by Kaye Quema. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.

Raydium is still one of the main venues for Solana tokens, and one of the most common places teams run a volume bot. But “a Raydium pool” can mean three different things. The pool type decides the fee every trade pays, how liquidity behaves when the price moves, and which token standards are supported, so it decides what a volume campaign costs. Here is how they compare.

The three pools at a glance   AMM v4 CPMM CLMM Model Constant product (x·y=k) Constant product (x·y=k) Concentrated liquidity Trading fee 0.25% Choice of tiers (e.g. 0.25%, 1%, 2%, 4%) Several tiers, from about 0.01% up Token-2022 No Yes Yes Liquidity Spread across all prices Spread across all prices Set by LPs in price ranges Typical use Older launches and legacy pairs New launches, LaunchLab graduates Established tokens, active LPs Fee tiers are as of September 2026. Check Raydium’s docs before creating a pool.

AMM v4: the original AMM v4 is Raydium’s original constant-product pool and was historically tied to the OpenBook order book. The fee is 0.25% per trade, split between liquidity providers and RAY buybacks. It doesn’t support Token-2022 tokens. For years it was the default destination for Pump.fun graduates, until Pump.fun moved migrations to its own PumpSwap AMM in 2025. Many older tokens still trade mainly on AMM v4 pools.

CPMM: the modern default for new tokens CPMM uses the same constant-product maths as AMM v4 but without the OpenBook dependency, so it is cheaper and simpler to create. It supports Token-2022 and lets the pool creator pick a fee tier. Tokens that graduate from Raydium’s LaunchLab migrate into CPMM pools. For most new launches, CPMM is the sensible choice.

CLMM: concentrated liquidity In a CLMM pool, liquidity providers choose the price range their capital covers, as in Uniswap v3. Inside that range liquidity is deep and slippage is low. If the price moves outside every provider’s range, the pool effectively has no liquidity until someone adds more. CLMM suits tokens with active liquidity management; it is a poor fit for a brand-new token whose price may move ten times in a day.

In CLMM pools, liquidity sits inside chosen price ranges. Which one for a launch? New token, standard SPL or Token-2022: Simple, supports both token standards, and fees can be set to match the token’s volatility. Existing token already on AMM v4: keep it there unless there is a reason to migrate. Splitting liquidity across pools weakens both. Established token with an active LP team: CLMM can give much tighter spreads, as long as someone manages the ranges. What pool type means for volume campaigns Pool design also decides what it costs to keep a chart active. Every trade pays the pool fee, so a Solana volume booster campaign in a 1% CPMM pool costs four times as much in fees as one in a 0.25% pool. Token-2022 transfer fees work like a tax on top of that. In CLMM pools, a campaign has to stay inside the range where liquidity exists, or trades fail or slip badly.

Boost Legends, a Telegram-based Solana volume bot (solanavolumebot.com, @boostlegends_bot), supports AMM v4, CLMM and CPMM pools and sizes trades to the pool it is running on. Its Raydium volume bot page lists which pool types it supports and what campaigns cost on each.

Summary For most new Solana tokens in 2026, CPMM is the default: it is simple, supports Token-2022, and has flexible fees. AMM v4 remains where much of the older liquidity sits. CLMM is a tool for managed liquidity rather than for launches. Pick the pool type first, because it shapes trading costs for everyone, including you.

FAQ What is the difference between Raydium CPMM and AMM v4?

Both use constant-product pricing, but CPMM doesn’t depend on OpenBook, supports Token-2022, and lets the creator choose a fee tier. AMM v4 has a fixed 0.25% fee and supports standard SPL tokens only.

Which Raydium pool type is best for a new token?

CPMM, for most launches. It is cheaper to create and supports both token standards.

Why do trades fail in a CLMM pool?

If the price moves outside the ranges where liquidity providers have placed capital, there is little or no liquidity left to trade against.

Where do Pump.fun tokens migrate now?

Since 2025, Pump.fun tokens migrate to PumpSwap, Pump.fun’s own AMM, instead of Raydium AMM v4.

China banned crypto trading years ago. The interest never really left.

That is the core argument from Joseph Chee, Executive Chairman of Solana Co. Speaking at Korea Blockchain Week, he said China will find a way to regulate or manage crypto, even after years of some of the strictest rules anywhere.

His point was not that Beijing is about to flip a switch. He suggested China may allow more crypto activity over time while keeping a firm grip on oversight. He was also clear that the process will take time.

What Chee actually said Chee’s case rests on a simple observation. Investors, academics and developers in China have kept showing up for crypto, even under a regulatory regime built to discourage them.

Beijing’s caution has not been random. Its concerns center on speculation and fraud. Chee’s argument is that management, not prohibition, may become the more practical path.

One clarification matters here. Solana Co. is a treasury company focused on acquiring the SOL token. It is a separate entity from the Solana Foundation, the organization associated with the Solana blockchain itself.

So Chee is speaking as an executive at a company with a direct stake in SOL. That does not make his read wrong. It does mean his optimism about Chinese demand lines up neatly with his company’s interests.

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The developer events tell their own story Chee’s remarks landed alongside a growing wave of events aimed at Chinese-speaking developers.

In October 2025, Solana Accelerate APAC took place in Shenzhen. The event drew enough people that it faced minor police scrutiny over overcapacity.

More events are scheduled for October 2026 in major Chinese cities. They focus on a range of technology themes.

This approach is notable for what it avoids. Developer meetups center on building and technical education rather than trading. That gives them a different profile from the activities China has outlawed.

How China got here In 2017, Beijing banned initial coin offerings and crypto-based fundraising. In 2021, it widened the campaign, declaring crypto transactions illegal and restricting mining.

The stated goal was to limit risks tied to capital flight and financial instability.

Those bans on domestic trading, mining and related activity remain in force on the mainland.

Hong Kong took a different route. In 2023, it introduced a licensing regime that lets approved platforms serve retail crypto investors. That has positioned the city as a testing ground for policies China might one day consider more broadly.

This is where the idea of a dual-track system comes in. Strict rules stay in place on the mainland. A more flexible, licensed environment runs in Hong Kong. Chee and others in the industry have argued this split could offer a model for safer and more progressive digital asset management.

What this means For investors, the main takeaway is about direction, not timing. Chee is describing a slow drift toward management of crypto activity, and he explicitly says it will take time.

Hong Kong is the place to watch. If its licensed retail market keeps operating without major blowups, it strengthens the case that crypto can be supervised rather than banned.

For blockchain ecosystems, the developer race is already underway. Solana’s push into Chinese cities suggests some projects want relationships in place before any policy shift happens.

The risks are just as real. China’s bans from 2017 and 2021 remain the law on the mainland. Even overcrowded developer events have drawn police attention.

There is also the question of who is making the forecast. A SOL treasury company has obvious reasons to expect Chinese demand to find an outlet eventually.

What makes Chee’s argument hard to dismiss is the pattern itself. China tried to remove crypto from its financial system, and interest persisted anyway, from investors to academics to developers packing rooms in Shenzhen.

Disclosure: This article was edited by John Chen. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.

Key Highlights Solana (SOL) currently hovers around $119.54, approaching the critical $120 threshold. U.S. spot Solana ETFs registered an unprecedented $188 million in weekly inflows before experiencing minor outflows on Sept. 30. Technical analysis reveals a consistent upward trajectory from August lows, supported by the $105-$110 zone. The Relative Strength Index stands at 63.22, while MACD indicators show moderating momentum. Solana’s Alpenglow consensus upgrade has been deployed to public testing environments, promising dramatically reduced transaction finality times. Solana continues to trade in proximity to the $120 price level as bullish momentum persists following a robust recovery from summer lows.

Solana (SOL) Price On October 1, SOL began the session around $118.04. The token advanced to an intraday peak of $119.55 before consolidating near $119.54, marking a daily gain of approximately 1.25%.

The overarching price trajectory remains constructive. Since bottoming near $75 in August, Solana has established a pattern of successive higher lows throughout September.

The token has successfully breached the $95-$100 resistance zone that constrained upward movement for most of 2026. This former barrier has now transformed into a support foundation.

Multiple Attempts to Break $120 Ceiling Throughout the past seven days, SOL has made numerous efforts to penetrate the $120 threshold. However, a decisive daily close above this level remains elusive.

Source: TradingView A sustained break beyond the $120-$122 corridor would establish a trajectory toward $140-$145, price levels where SOL previously traded before its earlier 2025 correction.

Should downward pressure materialize, the immediate support zone is positioned around $105-$110. This area aligns with the ascending trend line that has provided a floor since August.

Further below, the $94-$100 band represents a substantial support foundation, given its previous role as a resistance ceiling.

While momentum indicators remain constructive, signs of deceleration are emerging. The daily RSI currently registers 63.22, positioned above the neutral midpoint of 50 but comfortably below the overbought threshold of 70.

The MACD configuration presents a nuanced near-term picture. With the MACD line at 5.56 versus a signal line of 5.64, and the histogram marginally negative at -0.09.

This technical setup indicates the uptrend remains valid, though bullish momentum is encountering resistance as price approaches $120.

Institutional Capital Continues Despite Minor Reversal Institutional participation continues to be a driving force behind Solana’s price action. During the trading week spanning Sept. 21-25, U.S. spot Solana ETFs attracted approximately $188 million, establishing a new weekly benchmark.

Bitwise’s BSOL product accounted for roughly $128 million of this total, representing approximately 68% of aggregate inflows.

The final day of that week alone witnessed nearly $87 million in net purchases. Additional inflows materialized on Sept. 28 and Sept. 29, contributing $12.7 million and $5.4 million respectively.

This consecutive run concluded on Sept. 30, when Solana ETFs experienced approximately $12.5 million in net redemptions. BSOL led the outflows with $8.9 million, though Fidelity’s FSOL product still attracted $2.8 million.

Cumulative net inflows across all Solana ETF products have reached approximately $1.6 billion since their introduction.

Parallel to these market developments, protocol enhancements continue to advance. Solana’s Alpenglow consensus mechanism is currently operational on both devnet and testnet environments, designed to achieve transaction finality in approximately 150 milliseconds, compared to the current 12.8 seconds.

Additionally, Solana has reduced its target slot time from 400 milliseconds to 250 milliseconds, representing another component of the network’s ongoing speed optimization efforts.

As SOL maintains its ascending daily pattern near $119.50, market participants continue attempting to establish the frequently tested $120-$122 region as a new support foundation.

Open USD (OUSD), a new stablecoin initiative, has officially launched across multiple blockchain networks with backing from industry leaders Coinbase, Mastercard, Shopify, Stripe, and Visa. The five companies have committed more than $1 billion in liquidity to support OUSD across Ethereum, Solana, Base, and Tempo, aiming for immediate integration and accessibility within the digital currency ecosystem.

Major partnerships and launch detailsOpen Standard is the company behind OUSD, bringing together a coalition of major financial and technology corporations as founding partners. Coinbase, a leading cryptocurrency exchange; Mastercard and Visa, two of the largest global payment processors; Shopify, a prominent e-commerce platform; and Stripe, a major payment technology company, each hold equal founding equity in Open Standard at launch.

Zach Abrams, CEO of Open Standard, shared the project’s central goal: to create a stablecoin that functions as a practical form of currency for everyday use, rather than serving primarily as an investment instrument.

“We want to be the most useful stablecoin, the same way the U.S. dollar is useful,” said Abrams, highlighting that many current stablecoins are more suited to investment than spending.

OUSD operates simultaneously across Ethereum, Solana, Coinbase’s Base, and Stripe’s Tempo network. Founding partners provide active support via direct holdings, integration of OUSD into their own systems, or facilitating liquidity.

The initial funding package creates an extensive liquidity pool, intended to ensure OUSD’s stability and usability across various platforms from day one.

Equity model and network expansionOpen Standard has announced plans to allocate most company equity to partners based on their contribution to OUSD’s growth. Over 140 companies, including BlackRock, BNY, and Standard Chartered, were named as potential collaborators when Open Standard revealed its stablecoin approach in June. However, only the five founding partners currently hold formal investment stakes. Abrams expects the founding group to eventually grow to up to 12 core organizations.

Interest in joining or integrating with the OUSD ecosystem continues to rise, with more than 200 organizations expressing engagement. Notable recent participants include SBI Holdings from Japan, UBS from Switzerland, and technology firm Jeeves.

Mini dictionary: Open Standard, established as a consortium by major payment and tech companies, is structured to oversee and develop new digital asset standards and products, starting with OUSD. Its focus lies in broad industry collaboration, shared ownership, and driving utility-based stablecoin adoption.

Competing with Tether and CircleWithin the rapidly growing stablecoin sector, dominated by Tether’s USDT and Circle’s USDC, OUSD offers a different approach to ownership and incentives. USDT leads the market with about $143 billion in circulation. USDC follows with a supply of approximately $74 billion.

StablecoinCirculating SupplyOwnership ModelKey PartnersUSDT (Tether)$143 billionControlled by TetherTether LimitedUSDC (Circle)$74 billionCircle & strategic partnersCircle, CoinbaseOUSD (Open Standard)N/A (newly launched)Consortium equity among partnersCoinbase, Mastercard, Shopify, Stripe, VisaTraditional stablecoin issuers, like Tether, collect the majority of interest income on reserve holdings. Circle shares a portion with partners such as Coinbase. In contrast, Open Standard plans to reward both founders and other contributors based on their measurable role in driving OUSD adoption and usage, rather than simply providing preferential allocations.

“The overwhelming majority of our cap table is going to be distributed back to founders and non-founders based on how they help grow the network,” Abrams said, outlining the structure’s incentive model.

OUSD does not impose fees on the creation or redemption of its tokens. Dan Romero, chief business officer at Tempo—a payments infrastructure network collaborating on the launch—indicated that this could lower operating costs for businesses processing large-scale transactions. Romero projected that around $1 billion worth of OUSD could circulate on the Tempo network within months, and suggested that OUSD supply could surpass $10 billion by 2027.

Mini dictionary: Tempo is a payment infrastructure platform developed by Stripe. It enables seamless integration of digital currencies and provides support for instant transfers and high-volume enterprise transactions.

Impact on stablecoin competitorsThe launch of OUSD has drawn attention from market analysts and triggered a response in the competitive landscape. In July, financial services company Mizuho downgraded its stock rating on Circle from Neutral to Underperform, slashing its price target from $85 to $50.

Mizuho analysts attributed this adjustment to rising competition from the OUSD model, raising Circle’s projected 2027 distribution and transaction cost ratio from 64% to 73% and reducing expected adjusted earnings from $1.09 billion to $699 million.

Despite supportive relationships between Open Standard’s founding partners and Circle, demand for stablecoins denominated in other currencies—especially from European financial institutions—has also increased, according to Abrams. This signals potential future diversification in the stablecoin sector.

October 2026 brings another broad round of token unlocks across the Solana ecosystem, with $2Z, $TRUMP, $PUMP, $DBR, and $CARDS among the largest scheduled releases by value.

This month's calendar combines ongoing linear vesting with several cliff unlocks. The largest event belongs to $2Z, while $TRUMP and $PUMP continue their recurring distributions.

Here is a breakdown of the most notable Solana ecosystem token unlocks scheduled for October:

$2Z DoubleZero leads October's schedule with a 1.78 billion $2Z unlock worth approximately $113.36 million. The release begins on October 2 alongside linear vesting and represents 34.78% of circulating supply and 17.8% of total supply.

According to DoubleZero's tokenomics disclosure, $2Z’s initial 1-year vesting cliff expires on October 2, triggering a 1.66B $2Z unlock tomorrow. After that, the token gradually unlocks over a 3-year linear vesting schedule through October 2029. 

The October release arrives as DoubleZero expands its market data infrastructure. Since August, the protocol has made Kalshi, Hyperliquid, and Phoenix data available to trading firms, in addition to the Solana data it previously provided.

$TRUMP $TRUMP will unlock 28.02 million tokens through linear vesting, valued at approximately $60.82 million. The release represents 9.94% of circulating supply and 2.8% of total supply.

The October distribution remains one of the month's largest recurring supply events by dollar value.

$PUMP Pump.fun will release 7 billion $PUMP through linear vesting, valued at approximately $40.25 million. The unlock represents 1.50% of circulating supply and 0.84% of total supply.

The distribution continues the vesting schedule that followed July's major cliff. Pump.fun allocated 33% of its 1 trillion token supply to team members and existing investors under a 12-month cliff followed by 36 months of linear vesting. With the cliff now complete, October marks the 4th month of those recurring monthly distributions.

$DBR deBridge will unlock 618.33 million $DBR on October 17, valued at approximately $12.50 million. The release represents 10.42% of circulating supply and 6.18% of total supply.

The unlock comes after deBridge hit $24 billion in all-time volume during September.

Sanctum's $SANC Supply Cut Sanctum plans to burn 259 million $SANC on October 9, reducing total supply by roughly 25% from 1 billion to 741 million tokens.

The protocol officially changed the ticker from $CLOUD to $SANC in September, while keeping the token address and tokenomics unchanged. Separately, the October schedule lists 10.80 million $SANC for linear vesting, worth approximately $778,000.

What to Watch October's schedule stands out for the scale of the $2Z release, with 1.78 billion tokens representing 34.78% of circulating supply. $TRUMP and $PUMP follow with $60.82 million and $40.25 million in scheduled releases.

Meanwhile, $DBR enters the month after deBridge reached $24 billion in all-time volume, while DoubleZero expands its market data infrastructure and Sanctum prepares a major $SANC supply reduction.

As always, token unlocks do not automatically determine price performance but provide only one part of the broader market picture. However, tracking the size of each release, its impact on circulating supply, and developments around each project can help investors better understand changing supply dynamics across the Solana ecosystem.

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The world’s leading crypto exchange appears to have changed how it moves money. On-chain activity indicates that Binance now uses Solana to transfer value to market makers and other exchanges.

Until now, that job fell to Tron and Ethereum.

What the blockchain shows The change surfaced through transaction tracking on Solana’s public block explorer. A crypto commentator highlighted the pattern publicly on October 1, 2026, after following Binance-linked transfers across the network.

The flows in question are not retail deposits or withdrawals. They are transfers to market makers and to other exchanges, the plumbing that keeps liquidity moving between trading venues.

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Binance has not issued any official statement about the move. The exchange has not explained its reasoning, nor has it said which assets are involved or how much volume has migrated.

Why Tron and Ethereum held the job before Each of the previous rails had a defined role. Tron had become the preferred option for cheap stablecoin movement, particularly USDT, thanks to its efficient processing.

Ethereum handled a different slice of the business. It was typically the rail for larger, higher-value transfers, where the network’s longer track record mattered more than the cost of using it.

Solana now seems to be absorbing both functions.

The case for Solana, on paper The likely appeal comes down to speed and cost, although Binance itself has not said so. Solana offers transaction costs of less than one cent and sub-second finality.

The move also fits a wider backdrop. Solana has seen growing institutional adoption and increasing maturity in its infrastructure.

What this means For Tron, its role as the default rail for cheap stablecoin transfers is one of its defining use cases, and losing Binance flows in that category would be a meaningful dent, depending on how much of that activity actually moved.

There are caveats worth watching. Without confirmation from Binance, nobody outside the company knows whether this is a permanent change, a partial reallocation, or a test that could be reversed.

Key signals to track include whether Binance comments publicly, whether Solana-based transfer volumes tied to the exchange keep climbing, and whether rival platforms start making similar moves. Activity on Tron and Ethereum wallets linked to Binance deserves watching too, since a drop there would help confirm the picture.

Disclosure: This article was edited by John Chen. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.

Pi Network joins growing OUSD partner rosterPi Network (@PiCoreTeam) has signed on as a partner with Open Standard (@openstandard), the organisation behind the Open USD (OUSD) stablecoin. According to the announcement, Pi Network plans to explore rewards programmes for its users, known as Pioneers, and broader integration of OUSD across its ecosystem.

The move places Pi Network alongside a wide field of financial and technology companies. Coinbase, Mastercard, Shopify, Stripe and Visa are Open Standard's five founding partners, each holding an equal initial equity stake and together committing more than $1 billion to OUSD liquidity. Open Standard's wider partner network has grown from over 140 to more than 200 companies, with UBS, SBI Holdings and Jeeves among the newest additions.

OUSD goes live across four blockchainsThe partnership comes on the same day OUSD made its public debut. Open USD went live on 30 September 2026, launching on Base, Ethereum, Solana and Tempo, with reserves held at BlackRock, Lead Bank and BNY. OUSD is issued by Bridge, a subsidiary of Stripe.

Open Standard's model is designed to share reserve earnings with partners, less a management fee, giving banks, payment networks, fintechs and platforms a direct economic stake in distributing the token rather than simply acting as a channel for someone else's stablecoin. Partners earn rewards based on the OUSD supply and transaction activity they generate, a structure that aligns with Pi Network's stated goal of building out rewards for its Pioneer community.

Businesses can begin building with BVNK, Stripe and the Visa Stablecoin Platform today, with Coinbase integration opening on 1 October. OUSD will also be available on leading centralised and decentralised exchanges including Coinbase, Kraken and Uniswap.

For Pi Network, the partnership represents a concrete step toward giving its large user base practical utility through a stablecoin backed by some of the biggest names in traditional finance and payments.

Sources:
Open Standard: OUSD is live
Unchained Crypto: Open USD Stablecoin Goes Live
Crypto Times: Open Standard Debuts OUSD Across Base, Ethereum, Solana