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PANews reported on May 21 that, according to Blockaid, the Map Protocol/Butter Network cross-chain bridge was attacked on Ethereum and BSC. The attacker tricked the Butter Bridge V3.1 contract into directly minting approximately 1000 trillion MAPO tokens to a newly created EOA address, roughly 4.8 million times the legitimate supply of 208 million tokens. Furthermore, according to the DeFi community YAM, the attacker has currently profited approximately 52.2 ETH (about $110,000).

In response, MAP Protocol stated that the team is aware of the matter and is coordinating with external security partners to investigate and contain it. The bridge between MAPO ERC-20 and the MAPO mainnet has been suspended. Do not trade MAPO ERC-20 tokens on Uniswap at this time. Liquidity pools remain at risk while mitigation measures are in place.

Butter Network responded that ButterSwap has been suspended, and the team is coordinating an investigation with external security partners. Pending transactions will be processed once security is restored. User funds are not at risk, and all affected transactions will be processed in full upon restoration.

Binance will discontinue support for deposits and withdrawals of certain tokens on some networks.

PANews reported on March 13th that, according to an official announcement, Binance will cease supporting deposits and withdrawals of designated tokens from the following networks at 16:00 (UTC+8) on March 20, 2026. After 16:00 on March 20, 2026, deposits made using these designated tokens will not be credited to your account, potentially resulting in asset loss.

Contentos (COS) via Ethereum Network; Through BNB Smart Chain's Dego Finance (DEGO).Share to:

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2026.04.20 09:49:47

Saturday, April 20 — The LayerZero cross-chain bridge for rsETH (a liquidity re-staking token from Kelp DAO) was hacked, marking the largest DeFi hack of 2026 to date. The attacker forged LayerZero cross-chain messages to withdraw 116,500 rsETH directly from the bridge contract, then deposited the tokens into Aave and other lending platforms to borrow WETH—creating significant uncollateralized bad debt risk. Below is a roundup of responses from major DeFi protocols to the rsETH hack: Aave has shared an update on the rsETH incident: rsETH on the Ethereum mainnet is fully collateralized. The token remains frozen on Aave V3 and V4, while WETH reserves are frozen in affected markets including Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Mantle, and Linea. Aave is actively verifying details and evaluating potential resolutions. Ethena has officially extended the suspension period for its LayerZero OFT cross-chain bridge. Additionally, the protocol released updated reserve proofs confirming its USDe stablecoin maintains a collateralization ratio above 100%. LayerZero stated it has fully grasped the rsETH vulnerability and has been collaborating with the Kelp DAO team on fixes since the hack occurred, while continuously monitoring the situation. All other applications remain secure, and the protocol will publish a comprehensive post-incident analysis report alongside Kelp DAO once all relevant information is compiled. Fluid announced the launch of its aWETH redemption protocol, which enables ETH borrowers to: redeem for wstETH or weETH (restoring liquidity immediately and reducing liquidation risk); redeem in full if they only borrowed ETH; or seamlessly convert ETH collateral to wstETH/weETH while keeping other debts intact. The protocol’s initial capacity is capped at $1 billion worth of ETH. Morpho has temporarily suspended its MORPHO LayerZero OFT cross-chain bridge on Arbitrum until the root cause of the rsETH incident is identified. The protocol noted its smart contracts are secure and operating normally; risk exposure is limited (only ~$1 million worth of ETH was borrowed using rsETH as collateral, spread across two isolated markets out of thousands total). Thanks to Morpho’s fully isolated market design, all other vaults remain unaffected. Curve Finance announced it has suspended its LayerZero infrastructure, impacting: CRV bridging from BNB, Sonic, Avalanche, Fantom, Etherlink, and Kava (bridging from other chains still uses native bridges); and crvUSD quick bridging (L2 slow bridging remains operational). Reserve issued an official update: Its DTF holders are unlikely to be affected. RSR stakers in the Reserve Protocol’s USD3 and eUSD may qualify for "first-loss capital" protection, though the impact is minimal and RSR’s overcollateralization is sufficient to cover any potential losses. ETH+ and bsdETH contain no rsETH collateral, making them zero-risk. As a precaution, Reserve has temporarily paused minting, rebalancing, and RSR unstaking for eUSD and USD3—redemption functionality remains operational. Maple Finance stated all USDT provided on Aave Mantle using syrupUSDT has been withdrawn. Its syrupUSDC and syrupUSDT products are not impacted by the rsETH exploit. Polygon has been actively monitoring the rsETH exploit. The Polygon chain, Agglayer, and entire ecosystem (including Katana and Vaultbridge) have not been impacted by the incident. EtherFi announced its protocol’s liquidity pool remains unaffected by the Kelp rsETH exploit, and pool users will not suffer any fund losses. Hyperliquid’s DeFi project Hyperwave announced it has temporarily suspended all LayerZero bridging of Hyperwave assets as a precautionary measure.

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Analysis: Bitcoin miners face profit pressure, with around 20% of mining firms now operating below the break-even point.

Bitcoin miners' revenue continues to decline, with the current 7-day average daily income dropping to around $30 million, a notable pullback from the over $50 million level seen last summer. Meanwhile, on-chain transaction fee revenue has fallen to less than $250,000, accounting for an extremely small share of miners' total income. Data from JPMorgan Chase shows the average production cost is approximately $78,000, and Bitcoin’s price has remained below this level for five consecutive months — the longest such stretch in the current cycle. An estimated 20% of miners are already operating at a loss; some high-cost miners have begun frequently powering their mining rigs on and off in response to price fluctuations, leading to a stronger correlation between network hash rate difficulty and Bitcoin’s price. Additionally, Bitcoin’s mining difficulty was adjusted down by roughly 10% in the second week of June, marking the second pullback of the same magnitude this year. Publicly listed mining companies, meanwhile, are relying more on their balance sheets to sustain operations, selling over 32,000 BTC in the first quarter alone to cover operating costs. Analysts note that against the backdrop of continuously shrinking block subsidies and stagnant fee revenue, a recovery in miners’ profits will primarily depend on a rise in Bitcoin’s price.

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Japan and South Korea's stock markets opened higher, with South Korea's KOSPI index rising 2.9% and SK Hynix surging 11%.

According to Bitget market data, the Nikkei 225 index opened 1.4% higher at 70114.09. South Korea’s KOSPI index rose 2.9%. South Korean stocks SK Hynix gained 11%, while Samsung Electronics rose 5%.

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Trader Maji was liquidated on his 25x leveraged long Ethereum position, incurring $1.9 million in losses, and subsequently opened a new position.

According to monitoring by OnchainLens, Stanley Huang, known as "Machi Big Brother" (@machibigbrother), has had his 25x leveraged long Ethereum (ETH) position fully liquidated, incurring a loss of approximately $1.9 million. Notably, he opened a new 25x leveraged long ETH position immediately after the liquidation. Machi Big Brother’s cumulative historical losses exceed $35.4 million.

1 seconds ago

Micron posted strong quarterly results, with its quarterly revenue and next-quarter outlook significantly exceeding market expectations. Its stock surged nearly 16% in after-hours trading, driving a broad rally across the storage sector.

According to its official financial report, Micron Technology (MU.O) reported Q3 fiscal 2026 revenue of $41.456 billion, beating market expectations of $35.423 billion and surging from $9.301 billion in the year-ago period. The company issued Q4 fiscal revenue guidance of $50 billion, against market expectations of $42.915 billion. Micron CEO Sanjay Mehrotra stated: "Micron’s record-breaking Q3 fiscal financial results and stronger Q4 outlook reflect the strategic value of memory chips in the AI era. We believe our multi-year strategic customer agreements will significantly enhance the durability and predictability of Micron’s strong financial performance." Micron’s Q3 report showed net profit of $28.24 billion, or $24.67 per share, up from $1.89 billion, or $1.68 per share, in the same period last year. Excluding certain one-time items, Micron reported adjusted earnings per share (EPS) of $25.11, exceeding analysts’ consensus estimate of $20.86. Driven by the quarterly revenue and outlook that topped expectations, as of press time, Micron jumped 15.95% in post-market trading on the U.S. stock market, also lifting other memory stocks sharply: Seagate (STX) rose 10.21%, Western Digital (WDC) gained 12.31%, and SanDisk (SNDK) surged 15.77%.

1 seconds ago

Kalshi is reportedly seeking a new round of financing, with its valuation potentially rising to $40 billion.

According to a report from the U.K.’s Financial Times, prediction market platform Kalshi is in discussions with investors for a new funding round targeting a roughly $40 billion valuation, with a potential close as early as the third quarter of this year. The development follows Kalshi’s $1 billion financing round completed last month, which valued the firm at $22 billion, with backers including leading institutions such as Coatue, Sequoia Capital, Andreessen Horowitz, and Morgan Stanley. Data shows Kalshi’s trading volume last month surpassed $17 billion, a sharp jump from less than $5 billion a year prior, with approximately 65% of that volume stemming from sports-related prediction contracts.

1 seconds ago

Polymarket integrates with Telegram via TON, enabling users to participate in prediction markets directly within the messaging app.

Polymarket has been integrated into Telegram via Predict, a native decentralized application (dApp) of the TON ecosystem. Developed by the Getgems team, the app allows users to directly participate in prediction markets covering sports, politics, cryptocurrency, culture and other sectors within Telegram. Transaction results are settled on-chain, and users retain full control over their assets. Users can participate in trades using USDT on the TON network, and pay a small amount of GRAM for gas fees. The cross-chain infrastructure is powered by STON.fi’s Omniston protocol, enabling the prediction market service to seamlessly integrate into the Telegram ecosystem.

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In a landmark development, Stake DAO has unveiled its collaboration with Chainlink, integrating the Chainlink Cross-Chain Interoperability Protocol (CCIP) to facilitate seamless cross-chain transfers of the Stake DAO Token (SDT). This integration marks a significant milestone, extending across key blockchains such as Arbitrum, BNB Chain, and Ethereum mainnets. By leveraging CCIP’s Simplified Token Transfer capabilities, Stake DAO is setting a new standard in interoperability, ensuring secure and efficient transactions within its ecosystem.

Enhancing Security and Accessibility with CCIP Stake DAO’s choice of CCIP underscores a commitment to unparalleled security and reliability in cross-chain operations. Chainlink’s stellar reputation for maintaining robust security standards in the Web3 space, combined with CCIP’s backing by the Risk Management Network, offers Stake DAO an edge in safeguarding cross-chain transfers against potential exploits. This integration not only fortifies Stake DAO’s infrastructure but also expands its reach, making SDT accessible across multiple blockchains and enhancing the platform’s contribution to liquid staking and DeFi governance.

Elevating the Stake DAO Ecosystem The integration of CCIP is poised to revolutionize Stake DAO’s offerings, starting with the expansion of Liquid Lockers to diverse blockchains. The recent launch of the CAKE Liquid Locker on PancakeSwap for the BNB chain is just the beginning. The addition of SDT to various chains is anticipated to introduce innovative features, including the veSDT boost, further enriching the Stake DAO ecosystem and its user experience.

Key Advantages of Chainlink CCIP Integration Stake DAO’s partnership with Chainlink through CCIP brings a suite of benefits critical to securing cross-chain SDT transfers. The decision is backed by CCIP’s proven track record in securing substantial on-chain transaction value and its advanced features, including:

Time-tested Security: Powered by decentralized oracle networks, CCIP ensures a high standard of security and reliability. Secure Token Transfers: With audited token pool contracts, CCIP simplifies the complexity of cross-chain transactions, incorporating additional security measures such as rate limits. Programmable Transfers: CCIP’s programmability allows for the transfer of tokens and arbitrary data in a single transaction, broadening the scope of cross-chain interactions. Future-proof Technology: CCIP’s architecture is designed for scalability, supporting continuous updates and new functionalities, thereby safeguarding against obsolescence. A Forward-Looking Collaboration Stake DAO’s integration of Chainlink CCIP heralds a new era in cross-chain interoperability, promising a more interconnected and secure blockchain ecosystem. This collaboration not only enhances Stake DAO’s operational capabilities but also contributes to the broader adoption and growth of liquid staking and DeFi governance.

As the Stake DAO and Chainlink partnership flourishes, the vision for a more accessible and secure decentralized finance landscape comes into clearer focus, underscoring the transformative potential of strategic technological alliances in the blockchain industry.

AUTHOR

Max delves deep into the cryptocurrency realm, with a passion for altcoins and NFTs. Convinced of crypto's transformative potential, he envisions a decentralized financial future. Max's background in the financial sector grants him unique insights into global monetary systems. In his leisure, Max embraces the thrill of adventures and is an avid sports enthusiast, finding balance and rejuvenation away from work.

With the explosion in decentralized applications (dApps) being built on chains such as Ethereum, EOS, and Tron, there’s more and more data being generated every day which requires secure storage.

Bluzelle CEO and co-founder Pavel Bains However, although the apps themselves may be decentralized, truly fast and secure decentralized data storage solutions are still lagging behind. As running dApps is a seriously expensive endeavor, companies are looking at ways of reducing their costs – and when it comes to storage, Bluzelle may have the answer.

Blokt interviewed Bluzelle CEO and co-founder Pavel Bains to find out why blockchain systems require more efficient data storage systems, in line with the decentralized nature of blockchain itself.

Founding Bluzelle Bluzelle was founded in 2014 by Pavel Bains and Neeraj Murarka, to address the current need for more efficient data exchange and storage between devices.

CEO and co-founder Pavel Bains comes from a design and interactive media background, which he sees as key use cases for Bluzelle solutions in the non-blockchain sector. Likewise, CTO and co-founder, Neera Murarkaj, has a long history of working with Bitcoin and Blockchain since 2013.

Expanding on his team’s expertise, Bains says:

“Our core team has worked on blockchain projects for banks and insurers such as HSBC, AIA and MUFG. That is where we discovered that traditional database systems were not going to cut it for blockchain projects.”

Additionally, Andrew Mastracci, the Bluzelle Director of Product Development, has over a decade of experience in networking technology and is working on taking the idea of data storage and turning it into a network protocol.

Other notable team members include Isabel Scroggin, Head of Research, who has previously worked with NASA, bringing valuable experience as Bluzelle researches new technologies and determines how to best apply them.

Discussing how Bluzelle was established, Bains remarks:

“Neeraj and I started Bluzelle to work on blockchain projects to see what was needed in the market. Initially we did work in payments for companies in Vancouver and developed a Ripple gateway. Then we saw the need for banks and insurers to get onto blockchain and began building POCs in insurance and identity management for several companies in Asia.”

It was through those early projects that Bains and Neeraj discovered the need for a decentralized database, and became focused on delivering Bluzelle.

The Data Explosion With the explosion in device usage, the current infrastructure of the internet can’t handle the growing amount of data created and shared.

Instead, Bluzelle uses blockchain principals to create data storage solutions which offer high performance, superior security, and authenticity which current centralized systems cannot.

Specifically, Bluzelle focuses on the growing use of decentralized applications (dApps), which are generating massive amounts of siloed data.

Bains explains:

“Decentralized applications built on blockchain platforms still require their data to be stored in a database. If it’s stored on the blockchain it’s too slow, and if it’s stored on centralized data storage systems it’s not efficient and has poor security.”

To combat this, Bluzelle has utilized off-chain storage, which offers the highest levels of security for sensitive data, with ideal performance compared to centralized systems.

The Bluzelle Decentralized Database Service Bluzelle takes unused computer hardware resources from around the world and allows them to be rented out to companies to store their data on. By providing a decentralized solution, Bluzelle provides enterprise-grade storage solutions which every developer can afford.

Explaining how the Bluzelle decentralized database model brings greater benefits than traditional cloud-based or single system data storage models, Bains says:

“We have no points of failure where they have multiple points of failure – this can bring the whole system down. We can scale efficiently and on-demand, where they become very costly to scale. We can guarantee privacy where they are unable to do so.”

Bluzelle’s Swarming Approach Instead of data sitting on a computer, as in centralized data storage solutions, Bluzelle implements what is known as ‘swarming.’ In this case, data is fragmented and split across multiple computers through blockchain technology.

The group of computers all have the same ‘shard’ of data on them, so even if one goes down; the others are still there as a backup. Importantly, none of the computers in the group hold more than half of the data, so it can’t be pieced together without the private key holder.

Bains explains further:

“As our network grows, swarming allows us to manage data and performance at a regional level, ensuring that performance never suffers as a result of more data being stored. Also, with swarming we can tailor solutions for companies that need to have their data stored in specific geographic areas.”

Bluzelle’s swarm database can scale up and down as needed, while remaining secure, and crucially – fast.

Bluzelle Use Cases Each dApp being built, which in the near future will number in the thousands, will require its own database, and decentralized databases like Bluzelle could hold the ideal solution for the enormity of data produced.

Discussing the first target use cases for Bluzelle, Bains says:

“For general applications, for example those without blockchains, we see video games, media and IoT as excellent segments. Each of those industries want a global reach, and traditional data storage solutions can slow down performance which irritates end-users. Decentralized storage ensures that no matter where their customer is, they will get high performance.”

Bains gives the scenario of a game provider scaling their product to new countries as a perfect use case for Bluzelle technology. For example, an online game with a database in Portland USA suddenly becomes popular in India.

Traditionally, in this scenario gaming companies would need to set up another server and replicate everything in India to keep the performance up. Then, if the game becomes popular in another location, operators have to do this all over again, with each operation costing a significant investment in time and money.

Instead, with Bluzelle’s solution, the data is replicated automatically to every one of the nodes on its network, which means that companies data is instantly available everywhere; without the developers having to expand the network manually.

The BLZ Token The BLZ token is an ERC-20 token used by customers on the Bluzelle network to pay for the Bluzelle data storage service, and also functions as a utility token for payouts to the people who provide their hardware for use with Bluzelle.

The BLZ token is trading on popular centralized exchanges including Binance and Huobi, and also on decentralized exchanges such as IDEX.

Attracting Developers to the Bluzelle Network Software developers are integral to the adoption of the Bluzelle network, and Bluzelle has several methods of attracting top talent to its product.

Bains remarks:

“Software developers like to see how a product will benefit them right away. They don’t like hype and exaggeration. To reach them we will go through developer platforms and marketplaces like Heroku. We’ll also do live events and hackathons, and using online communities is also essential. For incentivizing, a great method is to provide a free evaluation period and the ability to earn more storage by referring others.”  

Bluzelle have already hosted two hackathons, one of which saw over 1,000 livestream viewers tune in to their presentations and discussions sessions.

The Future for Bluzelle Since it was founded, Bluzelle has attracted some serious VC funding, in addition to closing a successful $19.5 million ICO in January 2018.

Talking about what Bluzelle’s biggest lessons were since its ICO, Bains shares:

“The biggest learning curve was in becoming focused on who our target market is. We started with a general developer market but that can be hard to market to. By focusing on a specific group, like video game developers, it allows us to measure ourselves against the leading solutions available to them, and helps craft our communication to one specific group.”

Bains also believes that the most significant areas of development for Bluzelle in the future will be in finding new ways to increase network storage capacity; creating efficient payments so users can pay in fiat while still powering the network through the BLZ token, and in finding multiple ways for users to stake their BLZ tokens.

Blokt would like to thank Pavel Bains and all the team at Bluzelle for sharing their expertise with us.

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Blokt is a leading independent privacy resource that maintains the highest possible professional and ethical journalistic standards.

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Anurag Arjun, Polygon’s Ex-co Founder and Avail’s Co Founder, Joins Ternoa as Strategic Advisor

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Ternoa, a cross-layer protocol using confidential computing to further secure blockchain, has recently introduced a new project. As per the platform, it is unveiling zkEVM+ which is a privacy and security-centric layer 2 that Polygon has developed on Ethereum. The testnet launch of the respective project on Ternoa offers censorship resistance through integrity proofs.

Ternoa Releases zkEVM+ Testnet to Enable Native Privacy and Integrity Proofs The platform took to its official social media account on X to announce this endeavor. Additionally, it published an exclusive blog post on Medium to provide the details of the project. It noted that zkEVM+ provides users and builders in the Ethereum ecosystem with native privacy. Polygon CDK is responsible for developing the project. zkEVM+ combines Avail Data Availability and hybrid coprocessor facilities in an exceptional architecture.

Avail and Polygon’s co-founder Anurag Arjun also commented on this project. He, as an advisor to zkEVM+, labeled it as a significant contribution to assist Ternoa in scaling the roadmap of Ethereum. The platform already comprises one of the biggest France-based blockchain infrastructure-related communities. The company is also collaborating with big corporate accounts in France like Stellantis and Caisse des Dépôts & Consignations.

The respective accounts also take into account gaming companies like Tap Nation and Japanese studios such as Toho. The release of the project reportedly takes place after the launch of a privacy stack in the form of a Polkadot sdk layer 1 chain. Ternoa has been making huge endeavors to back enterprise adoption through its partnerships with the top players.

The Platform Facilitates EVM Developers with Exclusive Initiatives At the moment, many decentralized applications like “Time Guardian” are using the privacy stack of Ternoa. Time Guardian operates as a mobile application focusing on the management of digital inheritance. Moreover, an abstracted wallet “Keeper Defi” also leverages the privacy stack. It reportedly gives exclusive DeFi-related opportunities. Currently, it is providing a CAPS incentive project.

Furthermore, Ternoa is substantially facilitating EVM developers. Therefore, the builders pursuing to release their apps on a thoroughly secured infrastructure can benefit from it. For this purpose, Ternoa is initiating a CAPS grant project of nearly $500k worth. The endeavor targets onboarding the latest projects and developers while the Testnet phase goes on.

AUTHOR

Umair Younas is a cryptocurrency-related content writer linked with this work since 2019. Here, at Blockchainreporter, he serves as a news and article writer. He is a crypto, blockchain, NFTs, DeFi, and FinTech enthusiast. He has strong command over writing authentic reviews about brokers and exchanges and he has collaborated with our education team to write educational content as well. He has a dream to raise awareness among people about digital currencies. His works are well-researched and brimmed with information hence they provide fresh insights. Stay tuned to his posts if you want to stay up-to-date with the crypto-verse.

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The firm is reinventing itself around AI-powered wallet-native agents after going through many Web3 market cycles since 2017. The system uses a human-oversighted autonomy paradigm, in which heyAura manages the operational complexity while users provide intent and authorize execution. The first decentralized advertising protocol built on Ethereum in 2017, AdEx Network, has announced a complete rebranding to heyAura. This is a calculated move away from advertising infrastructure and toward an autonomous AI support that is integrated into Web3 wallets. In addition to streamlining user interaction with more complicated crypto settings, the rebranding represents a cohesive brand around its heyAura framework.

The firm is reinventing itself around AI-powered wallet-native agents after going through many Web3 market cycles since 2017. The change is the result of an increasing discrepancy between the amount of on-chain data that users have access to and their capacity to effectively utilize it. Although crypto ecosystems are constantly growing, a lack of contextual guidance often leaves consumers with disjointed tools and needless dangers.

“Users today operate in increasingly complex environments. They are exposed to more data than ever before, yet still miss opportunities, take unnecessary risks, and rely on fragmented tools,” stated Dimo Stoyanov, Co-founder of Adex/heyAura. “Current interfaces were never designed to provide context or direction. Solving this became a natural extension of the original mission.”

HeyAura, an AI assistant built in into Web3 wallets, is at the center of the shift. Users may carry out intricate on-chain operations using natural language interaction without having to negotiate many interfaces or protocols. Users may divide big transactions to reduce slippage, conduct conditional trades based on market events, batch dust tokens, process external data inputs, revoke dangerous smart contract approvals, and find and take advantage of DeFi yield possibilities.

The system uses a human-oversighted autonomy paradigm, in which heyAura manages the operational complexity while users provide intent and authorize execution. This lowers friction in on-chain interactions by enabling many AI-generated operations to be combined and approved with a single signature when combined with Account Abstraction.

HeyAura’s native wallet integration is a crucial part of its strategy. Without having access to private keys, the AI is built to operate directly inside wallets, offering complete contextual understanding of a user’s portfolio, positions, and transaction history.

Ambire Wallet will be the first deep integration, and wallet providers, protocols, and third-party builders will also be supported to include the AI layer into their own ecosystems.

Additionally, heyAura is developing support for locally executed AI models, guaranteeing that private account information may stay on the device. The system uses privacy-preserving methods to protect financial and personal data for users using distant models.

From a decentralized advertising network to an enhanced AI infrastructure intended to actively support users in monitoring and improving their on-chain activities, these innovations represent a continuation of the company’s long-term progress and direction.

The Web3 firm heyAura (previously AdEx Network) is creating AI agent infrastructure for cryptocurrency wallets. The team has built AURA, an AI framework for autonomous on-chain action, grew the $ADX token through many market cycles, and launched a decentralized advertising network since 2017. The next phase of that development is heyAura, a proactive AI assistant with human supervision and privacy at its heart that comprehends and responds to a user’s whole portfolio context.

A crypto enthusiast. Loves to write. Gives full dedication to every task assigned. Specializes in delivering on tight deadlines. An animal lover, especially dogs.

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PANews reported on January 9th that, according to a Binance announcement, starting from 16:00 (UTC+8) on January 16, 2026, Binance will cease supporting deposits and withdrawals of certain tokens on the following networks: Dar Open Network (D) through the Ethereum network, and Streamr (DATA) through the BNB Smart Chain and Polygon networks. After this date, deposits made through these networks will not be credited and may result in asset loss. Users can still deposit and withdraw these tokens through other networks supported by Binance.

What’s New in DePin? World Mobile Surpasses 100,000 Daily Users, Helium Eyes Energy Sector, Crust Partners With Xcavate

Immutable Games has revealed plans to launch the first expansion for mobile trading card role-playing game Guild of Guardians, which will introduce two new legendary Guardians and other fresh content. The Frostmire expansion is set to go live on October 16 with a new icey environment.

This global update will transport players to the titular location, which introduces snowy mountains and frozen plains as the game continues to delve into its lore. Most notably, however, two new Guardians will be introduced: Lisca and Dolvir.

Both legendary in rarity, Lisca is a prolific ranged hunter who grew up in the icey Frostmire with a snappy sense of humor and soft spot for sweet treats. Meanwhile, Dolvir is a warrior-style guardian that will act as a powerful offensive option. These new guardians will be available to purchase or summon through the Altar of Sacrifice upon the launch of the new expansion.

“[Lisca is] supremely adapted to the cold; they traverse the frost with ease, and bring it to bear with deadly effect with her ranged attacks and skills,” Guild of Guardians Game Director Chris Clay told Decrypt. “[Dolvir] has the ability to disrupt enemy ranks, and his summoned pets provide additional damage, tankiness, and sustain.”

Guild of Guardians is a mobile app available on iOS and Android that has players, referred to as “Commanders,” guide a group of Guardians through a series of dungeons. As each dangerous locale is cleared, Commanders gain more experience and loot to level up their squad. 

The game uses trading card elements with NFT-based Guardians on Ethereum scaling network Immutable zkEVM, and takes inspiration from auto-battlers like Riot’s Teamfight Tactics with its battle style, while remaining firmly rooted in the “roguelite” genre.

“We expect to be adding new regions every four to six months,” Clay told Decrypt. “Some of it will depend on player progression and the balance of new expansions and live event development.”

“We want each Guild of Guardians expansion to have a narratively compelling story that drives players to want to learn more about this world,” Clay added in a statement. “Frostmire delivers a rich new location for players to explore, challenge their skills, and conquer.”

Frostmire also promises to introduce new enemies, music, and “surprises” that will reportedly give Guild of Guardians a completely fresh feel. 

The Frostmire expansion will also add level-7 equipment and gear into the game, which can be equipped onto Guardians for stronger combat boosts. And for those with a competitive streak, a “limited event” is also on the horizon.

Edited by Andrew Hayward

Daily Debrief NewsletterStart every day with the top news stories right now, plus original features, a podcast, videos and more.

Ethereum is still home to some of crypto’s most used DApps, from token swaps and lending markets to liquid staking, NFTs, DAOs and onchain identity.

But the best Ethereum DApp depends on what you want to do, how much risk you can handle and whether you should use Ethereum mainnet or a lower-cost Layer 2.

This guide breaks down the top Ethereum DApps in 2026, what each one is best for, and the key risks to check before connecting your wallet.

Editor's Note (June 2, 2026): We fully updated this guide in June 2026 to reflect the current Ethereum DApp market, including major DeFi, staking, RWA, NFT, DAO and identity apps. We added new sections on Ethereum mainnet vs Layer 2 DApps, wallet safety, beginner risk, supported networks, methodology, market data and category-specific picks so readers can choose the right DApp based on use case, risk level and transaction costs.

Quick Answer: Best Ethereum DApps in 2026 Uniswap is best for Ethereum token swaps, Aave is best for lending and borrowing, Lido is best for liquid ETH staking, Curve is best for stablecoin swaps, Pendle is best for advanced yield trading, Ondo Finance is best for tokenized Treasury exposure, OpenSea is best for beginner NFT users, Safe is best for multisig treasury management, Snapshot is best for DAO voting, and ENS is best for readable Ethereum identity.

Best for Token Swaps

Uniswap

Best for users who want deep Ethereum token liquidity, simple wallet-based swaps and broad ERC-20 market access.

Best for Lending and Borrowing

Aave

Best for users who want to supply assets, borrow against collateral and manage non-custodial DeFi lending positions.

Best for Liquid ETH Staking

Lido

Best for users who want ETH staking exposure without running validator hardware, using stETH or wstETH instead.

Best for Stablecoin Swaps

Curve

Best for stablecoin and liquid staking token swaps where low slippage and deep pool liquidity are important.

Best for Stablecoin Savings

Spark

Best for users who want stablecoin-focused DeFi access through Spark Savings, SparkLend and Sky-linked infrastructure.

Best for Advanced Lending Markets

Morpho

Best for experienced users who want permissionless lending markets, curated vaults and more control over lending exposure.

Best for Yield Trading

Pendle

Best for advanced users who understand fixed yield, variable yield, principal tokens, yield tokens and maturity dates.

Best for Tokenized Treasuries

Ondo Finance

Best for eligible users and institutions looking for tokenized Treasury-style products such as OUSG and USDY.

Best for NFT Beginners

OpenSea

Best for users who want a simple way to browse, buy, sell and manage Ethereum NFTs and other supported collections.

Best for Active NFT Traders

Blur

Best for experienced NFT traders who want fast bidding, sweeping, portfolio tools and collection-level trading features.

Best for Onchain Creators

Zora

Best for creators who want to publish, mint and earn from onchain content across Ethereum-linked networks.

Best for DAO Treasuries

Safe

Best for teams, DAOs and organizations that need multisig approvals, signer controls and shared treasury management.

Best for DAO Voting

Snapshot

Best for DAOs, DeFi protocols and NFT communities that want gasless offchain voting for governance proposals.

Best for Ethereum Identity

ENS

Best for users who want to replace long wallet addresses with readable .eth names and onchain identity records.

Best for MEV-Protected Swaps

CoW Swap

Best for users who want batch auctions, solver-based routing and swap execution designed to reduce MEV exposure.

Best Low-Fee Route

Layer 2 Networks

Use Base, Arbitrum, Optimism, Scroll or other supported L2s when smaller swaps, NFT mints or test transactions make mainnet gas too expensive.

Disclaimer This guide is for educational purposes only and is not financial advice. Ethereum DApps can involve smart contract risk, token approval risk, gas fees, slippage, liquidity risk, liquidation risk, fake tokens, phishing links and wallet-drain attempts. Always use official URLs, verify networks and contracts, start with a small test transaction and never connect a wallet holding funds you cannot afford to lose.

Disclosure Some links in this guide may be affiliate links. If you choose to use a service through these links, we may earn a commission at no additional cost to you.

Best Ethereum DApps At A GlanceDAppBest ForCategoryBeginner FitMain NetworkL2 AvailabilityKey FeatureMain RiskUniswapToken swapsDeFi, DEXHighEthereum mainnetYes. Official Uniswap v3 deployments list Ethereum, Unichain, Arbitrum, Optimism, Polygon, Base, Blast, ZKsync, Zora, World Chain, X Layer and others. (Uniswap Developers)Deep swap liquidity through AMM pools and routing toolsSlippage, fake tokens, bad approvals and MEV exposureAaveLending and borrowingDeFi lendingMediumEthereum mainnetYes. Aave docs describe Aave Protocol smart contracts as deployed across public blockchains, and the changelog confirms deployments on Base, Metis, Scroll, ZKsync Era, Linea, Optimism and others. (aave.com)Non-custodial lending markets for supplying assets and borrowing against collateralLiquidation risk, variable rates and collateral volatilityLidoLiquid ETH stakingStakingMediumEthereum mainnetToken availability, not separate staking deployments. Lido says stETH and wstETH can be bridged to OP Mainnet, Base, Arbitrum, Polygon PoS, ZKsync, Linea, Mantle, Scroll, Unichain and others. (Lido)Stake ETH and receive liquid staking exposure through stETH or wstETHSmart contract risk, validator risk, liquidity risk and centralization concernsCurveStablecoin and LST swapsDeFi, DEXMediumEthereum mainnetYes, but product availability differs by chain. Curve says Ethereum remains its primary network, Curve DEX is available on many chains, Curve Lending is available on Ethereum and selected L2s, and Curve assets can be bridged across multiple chains including Arbitrum, Optimism and Base. (Curve Knowledge Hub)Low-slippage swaps for stablecoins and similarly priced assetsDepeg risk, pool imbalance, LP risk and complex governanceSparkStablecoin savings and lendingDeFi, stablecoinsMediumEthereum mainnetYes. Spark docs list supported networks as Ethereum, Base, Arbitrum, Gnosis, Optimism, Unichain and Avalanche. (Spark Documentation)Spark Savings, SparkLend and stablecoin-focused DeFi accessRate changes, stablecoin exposure, governance risk and dependency on Sky-linked infrastructureMorphoAdvanced lending marketsDeFi lendingAdvancedEthereum mainnetYes. Morpho docs list deployments across Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, Linea, OP Mainnet, Polygon POS, Scroll, Unichain and many other EVM networks. (Morpho Docs)Permissionless lending markets and curated vaultsVault curator risk, collateral risk and poor market selectionPendleFixed yield and yield tradingDeFi yieldAdvancedEthereum mainnetYes. Pendle deployment docs list supported chains including Ethereum, Optimism, BNB Chain, Sonic, HyperEVM, Mantle, Base, Arbitrum, Berachain and Monad. (Pendle Documentation)Lets users trade fixed yield, variable yield and yield-bearing assetsComplex pricing, maturity dates, liquidity risk and strategy riskOndo FinanceTokenized Treasury exposureRWA, stablecoin yieldMedium to AdvancedEthereum mainnetProduct-specific. Ondo’s bridge docs say USDY transfers are currently supported between Arbitrum, Ethereum, Mantle and Solana. (Ondo Finance)Tokenized real-world asset products such as USDY and OUSGEligibility limits, issuer risk, regulatory risk and redemption constraintsOpenSeaNFT buying and sellingNFT marketplaceHighEthereum mainnetYes. OpenSea support lists Ethereum, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, Avalanche, Zora, Base, Blast, Sei, Berachain, Flow, ApeChain, Soneium, Shape, Unichain, Ronin, Abstract, Solana, GUNZ, HyperEVM, Somnia and Monad. (OpenSea Help Center)Large cross-chain NFT marketplace with beginner-friendly browsingFake collections, phishing links, illiquid NFTs and royalty confusionBlurActive NFT tradingNFT marketplaceAdvancedEthereumDo not claim verified L2 support from official docs. Blur’s official site highlights pro-trader NFT tools, but I did not find an official supported-networks page suitable for this table. (blur.io)Fast NFT sweeping, bidding and portfolio tools for active tradersFast execution can increase mistake risk, and NFT liquidity is highly collection-dependentZoraOnchain creators and social postsCreator, socialMediumEthereum-linked creator stackYes. Zora support says the protocol supports Base, Zora Network, OP Mainnet, Arbitrum One, Ethereum and Blast. (Zora support)Lets creators publish, mint and earn from onchain contentCreator demand risk, mint fatigue and unclear long-term value for many collectiblesSafeMultisig wallet and treasury managementDAO, wallet infrastructureMediumEthereum mainnetYes. Safe’s supported networks docs list Safe smart account support across many networks, including OP Mainnet and other EVM chains. (Safe Docs)Multisig approvals, transaction simulation, spending controls and treasury managementSigner mistakes, governance mistakes and operational complexitySnapshotDAO votingDAO governanceHighEthereum-linked governanceNot a normal L2 DApp. Snapshot is offchain and gasless, built for DAOs, DeFi protocols and NFT communities. (Snapshot docs)Gasless voting for DAOs and token communitiesOffchain vote execution risk, low participation and governance captureENSHuman-readable Ethereum identityIdentityHighEthereum mainnetNot a normal L2 DApp. ENS docs say all ENS resolution starts on Ethereum mainnet, but CCIP Read and wildcard resolution can take name resolution cross-chain, offchain and to L2s. (ENS docs)Turns wallet addresses into readable .eth namesRenewal fees, impersonation, name squatting and wrong-address mistakesCoW SwapMEV-protected swapsDeFi, DEX aggregatorMediumEthereum mainnetYes. CoW docs cite multi-network support including Ethereum, Gnosis Chain, Arbitrum, Base and Polygon, and deployment docs list L2 networks such as Arbitrum One, Optimism, Base and Linea. (CowSwap Docs)Batch auctions, p2p matching and routing designed to reduce MEV exposureSolver dependency, route complexity, token liquidity and execution timingAlso Read

How We Chose The Best Ethereum DApps (Methodology)We selected these Ethereum DApps based on practical use, not hype, token price performance or paid placement. The goal was to identify apps that real users can use today across DeFi, NFTs, staking, stablecoins, DAOs, identity and other major Ethereum use cases.

Our selection criteria included:

CriteriaWhat We Looked ForReal usageDApps with visible user activity, protocol traction or a clear role in the Ethereum app layer.Liquidity or TVLFor DeFi apps, we considered liquidity, TVL, market depth and whether users can enter or exit positions efficiently.Security historyWe looked at protocol maturity, known incidents, audits, security practices and how long the DApp has operated in public markets.Wallet compatibilityWe prioritized DApps that work with widely used Ethereum wallets such as MetaMask, Rabby, Coinbase Wallet, WalletConnect-supported wallets and hardware wallet setups where relevant.Mainnet and L2 availabilityWe considered whether the DApp works on Ethereum mainnet, Layer 2 networks, or both. Lower-fee access can be important for smaller users.Ease of useWe favored apps with clear interfaces, simple wallet connection flows and understandable transaction steps.Fee burdenWe assessed gas fees, app-level fees, swap fees, marketplace fees, lending costs and hidden costs such as slippage or failed transactions.Smart contract riskEvery DApp carries smart contract risk. We considered complexity, protocol dependencies and whether the app introduces extra layers of risk.Token approval riskWe looked at whether users need to grant token approvals, sign complex transactions or interact with contracts that could expose funds if misused.Beginner fitSome DApps are suitable for first-time users. Others are better for advanced users who understand liquidation risk, yield markets, leverage, restaking or DAO operations.Long-term relevanceWe prioritized DApps with durable utility rather than apps driven mainly by short-term incentives, points campaigns or speculative token narratives.The final list favors Ethereum DApps that combine real usage, strong category fit, reasonable accessibility and clear user value, while still being honest about risks.

Ethereum DApp Market Snapshot in 2026Ethereum remains the main settlement layer for many of crypto’s largest DApps, especially in DeFi, stablecoins, NFTs, staking, lending and DAO tooling.

MetricEthereum Snapshot (as of June 2, 2026)DeFi TVL$41.71 billionStablecoin market cap$160.58 billion24h DEX volume$1.22 billion7d DEX volume$6.87 billion24h perps volume$1.94 billion24h active addresses521,48524h transactions2 millionDeFiLlama's Ethereum chain dashboard shows that Ethereum has more than $41.7 billion in DeFi TVL, over $160.5 billion in stablecoins, and more than $1.2 billion in 24h DEX volume, as of June 2, 2026. That makes DeFi, stablecoins, lending, liquid staking and DEX trading core Ethereum DApp categories in 2026.

DappRadar also shows Ethereum as one of the largest DApp networks by listed apps, with categories such as games, DeFi, exchanges, collectibles, marketplaces and social. Its rankings page lists 2,156 Ethereum DApps as of June 2, 2026.

Note: These numbers change quickly and thus should be taken as a dated snapshot.

Ethereum DeFi DApps let users swap tokens, lend assets, borrow stablecoins, provide liquidity, trade yield and manage collateral without relying on a centralized exchange.

1. Uniswap: Best Ethereum DApp For Token Swaps DEX Token Swaps AMM ERC-20

Uniswap is one of Ethereum's most important decentralized exchanges. It lets users swap ERC-20 tokens directly from a crypto wallet through smart contracts, without placing an order through a centralized exchange.

The protocol uses automated market maker pools. Instead of matching buyers and sellers through an order book, Uniswap pools hold token reserves and price swaps based on pool liquidity. Liquidity providers, or LPs, can deposit token pairs into pools and earn a share of trading fees.

What it does Lets users swap Ethereum tokens, add liquidity to pools and access DeFi liquidity directly from a wallet.

Why it stands out Uniswap has deep Ethereum token liquidity, broad wallet support and one of the strongest brands in DeFi.

Best for Users who want a simple way to swap Ethereum tokens or access major DeFi markets without using a centralized exchange.

Beginner note Check the token contract, review price impact and trade a small amount first before making a larger swap.

Main risks: Slippage, fake tokens, MEV exposure, smart contract risk and token approval risk. Always use the official app, check the asset carefully and avoid approving unlimited spending unless you understand the trade-off.

Uniswap is a strong first DeFi DApp because the basic flow is easy to understand: connect wallet, choose token, check the quote, approve if needed and swap. The danger is that simple interfaces can hide serious mistakes. A fake ERC-20 token, a bad approval or a careless high-slippage trade can still cost users money.

Read Our Uniswap Review

2. Aave: Best Ethereum DApp For Lending And Borrowing Lending Borrowing Collateral Stablecoins

Aave is a decentralized, non-custodial liquidity protocol. Users can supply assets to earn interest or borrow assets by posting collateral. Borrowing positions are overcollateralized, which means users must deposit more value than they borrow.

Aave stands out because it is one of Ethereum's core DeFi lending markets. It supports major assets such as ETH and stablecoins, and it gives users flexible ways to supply, borrow and manage collateral without going through a centralized lender.

What it does Lets users deposit crypto assets, earn variable interest and borrow against collateral through smart contracts.

Why it stands out Aave is a mature lending protocol with deep liquidity, broad market support and strong recognition across Ethereum DeFi.

Best for Users who understand collateral, borrowing costs, variable rates and liquidation risk.

Beginner note Supplying assets is simpler than borrowing. Borrowing adds liquidation risk, especially when collateral prices fall.

Main risks: Liquidation risk, variable interest rates, collateral volatility, oracle risk, smart contract risk and token approval risk. Borrowing against volatile assets can become dangerous quickly during sharp market moves.

Aave can be useful for users who want liquidity without selling their assets, but it is not risk-free. The key number to watch is the health of the borrowing position. If collateral value falls too far, the protocol can liquidate part of the position to protect lenders.

Read Our Aave Review

3. Curve: Best Ethereum DApp For Stablecoin Swaps DEX Stablecoins Low Slippage CRV

Curve Finance is a decentralized exchange built around efficient swaps for stablecoins and other similarly priced assets, such as liquid staking tokens. Its StableSwap design concentrates liquidity around the expected peg, which can reduce slippage for large stable-asset trades.

Curve is different from general-purpose DEXs because it is strongest when assets are meant to trade close to the same value. That makes it useful for swaps such as DAI, USDC, USDT, crvUSD and certain ETH liquid staking pairs, depending on available pools.

What it does Lets users swap stablecoins and similar assets through specialized liquidity pools designed for low price impact.

Why it stands out Curve is one of DeFi's core liquidity venues for stable assets, liquid staking tokens and other pegged pairs.

Best for Users who need efficient stablecoin swaps or want exposure to stablecoin and pegged-asset liquidity pools.

Beginner note Check pool composition before depositing. A stablecoin pool is only as strong as the assets inside it.

Main risks: Stablecoin depegs, pool imbalance, LP exposure, smart contract risk, CRV governance complexity and token approval risk. Low slippage does not remove asset risk.

Curve is useful when you need a stablecoin swap or want to understand where much of Ethereum's stablecoin liquidity sits. It is less beginner-friendly than Uniswap because pool design, incentives, gauges and governance can become complex.

Read Our Curve Finance Review

4. Spark: Best Ethereum DApp For DAI And Stablecoin Lending Stablecoins Lending Sky USDS

Spark is a Sky-linked DeFi protocol focused on stablecoin savings, lending and liquidity. It includes SparkLend, Spark Savings and the Spark Liquidity Layer, with USDS and the Sky Savings Rate sitting at the center of the user experience.

Spark is closely tied to the broader Sky system, which grew out of MakerDAO. That makes it especially relevant for users who want DAI, USDS or savings-rate exposure rather than a broad lending marketplace with dozens of assets.

What it does Lets users lend, borrow and earn stablecoin yield through Spark products connected to Sky's stablecoin system.

Why it stands out Spark is one of the clearest Ethereum DApps for users focused on DAI, USDS, savings-rate exposure and stablecoin liquidity.

Best for Users who want stablecoin-focused lending or savings exposure and understand that rates can change.

Beginner note Check whether you are using DAI, USDS, sDAI, sUSDS or another related asset before depositing.

Main risks: Rate changes, stablecoin exposure, governance risk, collateral risk, smart contract risk and dependency on Sky-linked infrastructure. Spark Savings rates are set by Sky Governance, not by the user.

Spark is best treated as a stablecoin and lending DApp, not a generic high-yield farm. The key question is whether you understand the asset you are depositing, the rate source and the protocol dependencies behind the yield.

5. Morpho: Best Ethereum DApp For Advanced Lending Markets Lending Markets Vaults Collateral Advanced DeFi

Morpho is a decentralized lending protocol built around isolated markets and managed vaults. Users can supply assets to lending markets directly or use vaults where curators select and manage exposure across markets.

Morpho appeals to experienced DeFi users because it can offer more specific lending markets and more flexible risk design than broad pooled lending protocols. That flexibility is useful, but it also means users need to understand what each market or vault actually holds.

What it does Lets users access isolated lending markets and vaults that allocate deposits across selected borrowing demand.

Why it stands out Morpho gives advanced users more granular lending exposure, with market and vault design playing a bigger role in risk.

Best for Experienced DeFi users who can assess collateral, vault strategy, curator reputation and interest-rate risk.

Beginner note Do not choose a vault only because the APY is higher. Check the curator, assets, liquidity and collateral exposure first.

Main risks: Market selection risk, collateral risk, vault curator risk, liquidity risk, oracle risk, smart contract risk and token approval risk. Higher yield can mean higher risk hiding under the floorboards.

Morpho is powerful, but it should not be treated like a simple savings account. It is better suited to users who can compare lending markets, read vault details and understand how collateral quality affects borrower and depositor risk.

6. Pendle: Best Ethereum DApp For Yield Trading Yield Trading PT YT Fixed Yield

Pendle is a permissionless yield-trading protocol. In plain English, it lets users split certain yield-bearing assets into two parts: the principal and the future yield. Those parts can then be traded separately.

Principal Tokens, or PTs, represent the principal value of the underlying yield-bearing asset. Yield Tokens, or YTs, represent the right to the future yield from that asset until maturity. This design lets users seek fixed yield, speculate on future yield or build more advanced DeFi strategies.

What it does Splits supported yield-bearing assets into Principal Tokens and Yield Tokens that can be traded before maturity.

Why it stands out Pendle gives DeFi users a direct way to trade fixed yield, variable yield and yield expectations onchain.

Best for Advanced users who understand yield-bearing assets, maturity dates, liquidity and pricing risk.

Beginner note Do not use Pendle only because an APY looks high. Understand PT, YT, maturity and exit liquidity first.

Main risks: Complexity, pricing risk, maturity dates, liquidity risk, strategy risk, restaking yield risk, smart contract risk and token approval risk. Pendle can be useful, but it is not beginner DeFi.

Pendle is one of the most interesting Ethereum DeFi DApps for yield markets, especially when liquid staking, liquid restaking, stablecoins or points-driven strategies are active. It is also one of the easiest places for new users to misunderstand what they are buying.

Read Our Pendle Finance Review

Best Ethereum Staking And Restaking DApps Staking and restaking are major Ethereum-native use cases, but this section stays focused. The goal is not to list every liquid staking token. It is to show the main DApps users are most likely to compare when they want ETH yield, liquid staking exposure or liquid restaking exposure.

1. Lido: Best Ethereum DApp For Liquid Staking Liquid Staking stETH ETH Staking Validators

Lido is Ethereum's best-known liquid staking DApp. It lets users stake ETH without running their own validator and receive stETH, a liquid staking token that represents staked ETH plus staking rewards.

The main benefit is liquidity. Instead of locking ETH directly in a validator setup, users can hold stETH, trade it on secondary markets, use it as collateral in DeFi or use wrapped stETH where supported.

What it does Lets users stake ETH through the Lido protocol and receive stETH or wstETH for liquid staking exposure.

Why it stands out Lido has deep stETH liquidity, broad DeFi integrations and strong recognition across Ethereum staking markets.

Best for Users who want ETH staking rewards without running validator hardware or managing validator operations themselves.

Beginner note Understand the difference between ETH, stETH and wstETH before using stETH in DeFi or requesting a withdrawal.

Main risks: Smart contract risk, validator risk, stETH price deviation, withdrawal queue delays, slashing exposure and centralization concerns. stETH is liquid, but it is not the same as holding unstaked ETH in your wallet.

Lido is the simplest liquid staking route for many Ethereum users, but simplicity can blur the risk. stETH depends on protocol mechanics, validator performance, secondary market liquidity and the Lido withdrawal queue when users want to redeem through the protocol.

Read Our Lido Review

2. Rocket Pool: Best Decentralized ETH Staking Alternative Liquid Staking rETH Node Operators Decentralized Staking

Rocket Pool is a decentralized Ethereum liquid staking protocol. Users can stake ETH through Rocket Pool and receive rETH, a liquid staking token that accrues staking rewards as its value changes relative to ETH.

Rocket Pool's strongest angle is decentralization. It is designed around independent node operators, which makes it appealing to users who want liquid staking exposure while supporting a more distributed Ethereum validator set.

What it does Lets users stake ETH into Rocket Pool's smart contracts and receive rETH as liquid staking exposure.

Why it stands out Rocket Pool is built around decentralized node operators rather than a single centralized staking provider.

Best for Users who want liquid staking but care more about decentralization than maximum liquidity or the largest market share.

Beginner note rETH is not a rebasing token like stETH. Its value is designed to rise relative to ETH as staking rewards accrue.

Main risks: Smart contract risk, validator risk, lower liquidity than Lido, rETH price deviation, node operator risk and token approval risk. Smaller liquidity can affect exits during stressed markets.

Rocket Pool is a strong alternative for users who want ETH staking rewards and a more decentralized node-operator model. It may be less liquid than Lido, but its design gives decentralization-focused users a clearer reason to consider it.

3. ether.fi: Best Ethereum DApp For Liquid Restaking Exposure Liquid Restaking weETH EigenLayer AVS

ether.fi is a liquid restaking protocol. Users deposit ETH or supported assets and receive restaked ETH exposure through tokens such as eETH or weETH, while the protocol restakes pooled ETH through EigenLayer.

The appeal is extra yield potential. Restaking can combine Ethereum staking rewards with additional rewards from Actively Validated Services, or AVSs, that use restaked ETH for security. That extra layer is also why ether.fi is better suited to advanced users.

What it does Gives users liquid restaking exposure through ether.fi assets such as weETH while pooled ETH is restaked through EigenLayer.

Why it stands out ether.fi is one of the most visible liquid restaking DApps and has broad DeFi integrations for weETH.

Best for Advanced yield users who understand staking, restaking, AVSs, slashing risk and added protocol layers.

Beginner note Liquid restaking is more complex than normal ETH staking. Do not treat the higher yield potential as free money.

Main risks: Restaking risk, slashing risk, smart contract risk, EigenLayer dependency, AVS risk, liquidity risk, token price deviation and reward uncertainty. More yield usually means more moving parts.

ether.fi can be useful for users who want restaked ETH exposure without managing their own validator setup. The trade-off is extra complexity. Users are no longer only taking standard Ethereum staking risk, they are also taking restaking and protocol-layer risk.

Best Ethereum RWA And Stablecoin DApps Real-world asset and stablecoin DApps bring traditional yield, credit markets and tokenized financial products onchain. This section covers the RWA trend without turning the article into a full RWA guide.

1. Ondo Finance: Best Ethereum DApp For Tokenized Treasury Exposure RWA OUSG USDY Tokenized Treasuries

Ondo Finance offers tokenized products linked to real-world financial assets. Its best-known products include OUSG, which provides qualified purchasers with exposure to short-term U.S. Treasuries and money market funds, and USDY, a tokenized note secured by U.S. Treasuries.

RWAs are part of Ethereum's 2026 app story because they bring traditional financial assets, stablecoin yield and compliant tokenized products into crypto rails. Instead of only trading volatile crypto assets, users can access products tied to Treasuries, money market funds and other real-world instruments.

What it offers Tokenized Treasury and yield-bearing products, including OUSG and USDY, with stablecoin-based minting or redemption routes where users are eligible.

Why it stands out Ondo is one of the most recognized RWA names in Ethereum DeFi and sits at the center of the tokenized Treasury trend.

Best for Users and institutions looking for tokenized Treasury exposure, stablecoin yield products or compliant RWA access.

Access note OUSG is a qualified-access product with onboarding and eligibility checks. USDY is not offered or sold in the U.S. or to U.S. persons.

Main risks: Regulatory risk, issuer risk, redemption limits, eligibility restrictions, yield changes, stablecoin exposure, smart contract risk and liquidity constraints. Tokenized Treasury exposure is not the same as holding cash in a bank account.

Ondo is useful for understanding why RWAs have become a serious Ethereum DApp category. The catch is access. Many Ondo products are not open to every retail user, and redemption terms, jurisdiction rules and product structure should be checked before depositing funds.

2. Maple Finance: Best Ethereum DApp For Onchain Credit Onchain Credit Lending Pools Institutional Lending DeFi Credit

Maple Finance is an onchain asset management and credit platform. Its products include managed lending strategies, institutional borrowing and lending pools that bring credit-style yield into DeFi.

Maple is different from simple self-serve lending protocols because credit underwriting, borrower due diligence, collateral packages, legal agreements and pool-level risk management are central to the design. Some current Maple products use secured or overcollateralized lending, but the model is still credit-first rather than basic collateral-first DeFi.

What it offers Institutional lending pools, borrower financing and managed onchain credit strategies for allocators seeking yield.

Why it stands out Maple brings institutional credit markets onchain, with borrower due diligence, collateral monitoring and pool-level risk controls.

Best for Users who understand credit risk, lending pools, borrower exposure, withdrawal terms and institutional DeFi yield products.

Beginner note Do not treat Maple like a normal DeFi savings app. You need to understand the pool, borrowers, collateral and withdrawal terms.

Main risks: Borrower default, pool risk, credit risk, collateral shortfall, poor underwriting, withdrawal queue delays, smart contract risk and limited liquidity during stressed markets.

Maple is best understood as onchain credit, not a generic stablecoin farm. Its appeal comes from structured lending markets and institutional-style yield. Its risk comes from the same place: borrowers, collateral, underwriting quality and pool design.

3. Centrifuge: Best Ethereum-Linked DApp For Asset Tokenization Tokenization RWA Asset-Backed Lending Ethereum DeFi

Centrifuge is infrastructure for tokenized real-world assets. It helps issuers bring assets such as treasuries, credit, structured products and other institutional assets onchain, while giving investors access to tokenized asset exposure through transparent onchain rails.

It fits the RWA cluster because it is less about a single token and more about the machinery behind asset tokenization. Centrifuge connects real-world assets to DeFi liquidity, supports asset reporting and helps tokenized products become usable inside onchain finance.

What it offers Infrastructure for tokenizing real-world assets, including credit, treasuries, funds and structured vehicles.

Why it stands out Centrifuge focuses on asset tokenization infrastructure, issuer tools, onchain reporting and access to RWA-backed yield.

Best for Users and institutions looking at tokenized assets, asset-backed lending, RWA exposure and DeFi credit infrastructure.

Beginner note RWA products can involve legal structures, issuer terms and asset-level risks that are not visible from APY alone.

Main risks: Asset quality risk, legal structure risk, issuer risk, liquidity risk, reporting risk, credit risk, smart contract risk and changing regulation. Real-world collateral does not remove crypto risk or legal risk.

Centrifuge is useful because it shows how Ethereum-linked DeFi can connect with tokenized real-world collateral. The risk is that RWA products depend on offchain assets, legal agreements, reporting quality and redemption mechanics, not just smart contracts.

Best Ethereum NFT And Creator DApps NFTs are still part of Ethereum's DApp market, but this section keeps things tight. The goal is to cover the main NFT and creator apps users are likely to compare, not every marketplace, minting tool or collectible project.

1. OpenSea: Best Ethereum NFT DApp For Beginners NFT Marketplace Ethereum NFTs Collections Wallets

OpenSea is a broad NFT marketplace where users can browse collections, buy NFTs, sell NFTs and create onchain items. It supports Ethereum NFTs and several other blockchain networks, which makes it one of the most familiar starting points for new NFT users.

OpenSea remains beginner-friendly because the interface is built around search, collection pages, wallet connection, offers, listings and checkout flows. New users can explore NFTs visually before learning more complex trader tools.

What it does Lets users browse, buy, sell and manage NFTs from a crypto wallet across Ethereum and other supported networks.

Why it stands out OpenSea is widely recognized, easy to navigate and useful for users who want a simple NFT marketplace experience.

Best for Beginners who want to browse Ethereum NFT collections, compare listings and make basic NFT purchases.

Beginner note Check the official collection, contract address, metadata, floor price and recent activity before buying.

Main risks: Fake collections, phishing links, optional or enforced creator earnings, low-liquidity NFTs, copied metadata, wallet mistakes and sudden floor-price drops. A cheap NFT can still become impossible to sell.

OpenSea is a good first NFT DApp because users can learn the basic flow without needing pro-trader tools. The main danger is assuming the marketplace removes all risk. Users still need to verify collections, avoid scam links and understand that many NFTs have weak resale liquidity.

2. Blur: Best Ethereum NFT DApp For Active Traders NFT Trading Bids Floor Price Liquidity

Blur is an NFT marketplace built for active traders. It focuses on fast sweeping, bidding, collection-level trading and market data rather than a slow browsing experience.

Advanced NFT users may prefer Blur because it is designed for speed and execution. Traders can compare floor prices, place bids, sweep multiple NFTs and move through collections faster than on beginner-focused marketplaces.

What it does Lets active traders buy, sell, bid and sweep Ethereum NFT collections through a faster trading interface.

Why it stands out Blur is built around pro-trader workflows, including fast sweeping, active bidding and collection-level NFT trading.

Best for Experienced NFT traders who understand floor price, bid depth, collection liquidity and fast execution risk.

Beginner note If you do not understand bids, sweeps or collection liquidity, OpenSea is usually the easier place to start.

Main risks: Fast trading mistakes, bid risk, thin liquidity, sharp floor-price moves, wash-trading noise, market volatility and wallet approval risk. Speed is useful, but it also makes bad clicks more expensive.

Blur is not the best first NFT DApp for most users. It works better for traders who already understand NFT market structure and want a faster interface. For beginners, that same speed can turn a rushed bid or careless sweep into a costly lesson.

3. Zora: Best Ethereum DApp For Onchain Creators Onchain Creators NFT Minting Media Collectibles

Zora is an onchain creator protocol and app. It lets creators publish, mint and distribute onchain media, including NFT-style collectibles and other creator-linked assets.

Zora belongs beyond the usual “NFT marketplace” framing because it is more focused on creation, minting and onchain media than simply buying existing collections. For creators, the draw is the ability to turn posts, artwork, culture and media into onchain assets.

What it does Gives creators tools to publish, mint and share onchain media through Zora's creator-focused app and protocol.

Why it stands out Zora is built for creator activity, minting and onchain distribution rather than only secondary NFT marketplace trading.

Best for Creators, collectors and users interested in onchain media, social minting and creator-led collectibles.

Beginner note Before minting or collecting, check the creator, mint fee, supply, metadata, chain and whether there is real buyer demand.

Main risks: Mint costs, weak buyer demand, creator revenue uncertainty, low secondary liquidity, metadata risk, spam collections and changing collector interest. Most creator assets will not become liquid markets.

Zora is useful because it shows how Ethereum-linked DApps are expanding from pure trading into creator culture and onchain media. The risk is that minting is easy, but building lasting demand is hard. Users should treat creator collectibles as high-risk digital assets, not guaranteed investments.

Best Ethereum DAO And Identity DApps Ethereum is not only used for trading and yield. Some of its most useful DApps help teams manage treasuries, communities vote on proposals and users replace long wallet addresses with readable onchain identities.

1. Safe: Best Ethereum DApp For Multisig And Treasury Management Multisig Wallet DAO Treasury Smart Account Signers

Safe is a smart account and multisig wallet used by DAOs, teams and onchain organizations to manage crypto assets. Instead of one private key controlling funds, a Safe can require approvals from multiple signers before a transaction goes through.

This makes Safe useful for DAO treasury management, protocol teams, investment groups, grants programs and organizations that do not want one person to have unilateral control over funds.

What it does Lets teams create smart account wallets where transactions need approval from a defined number of signers.

Why it stands out Safe is widely used for onchain treasury management and organizational transactions across Ethereum and other EVM networks.

Best for DAOs, teams, foundations, companies and user groups that need shared control over an Ethereum wallet.

Beginner note Choose signers carefully, test a small transaction first and document the approval process before storing serious funds.

Main risks: Poor signer management, lost signer access, slow transaction approvals, governance mistakes, wrong recipient addresses and operational complexity. A multisig reduces single-key risk, but it does not remove human error.

Safe is one of Ethereum's most practical DAO DApps because it solves a simple problem: shared custody. The trade-off is process. If signers are inactive, unavailable or careless, even routine treasury actions can become slow or risky.

2. Snapshot: Best Ethereum DApp For DAO Voting DAO Voting Governance Proposals Offchain Voting

Snapshot is a gasless, offchain voting platform for DAOs, DeFi protocols, NFT communities and token holder groups. It lets communities create proposals and vote without requiring every vote to be submitted as an onchain transaction.

Many DAOs use Snapshot because it is flexible. Voting power can be calculated through different strategies, including token balances, delegated voting structures or other governance rules chosen by the community.

What it does Lets DAO members create proposals, vote on decisions and measure community support without paying gas for every vote.

Why it stands out Snapshot is widely used because it supports gasless voting, flexible voting strategies and customizable governance spaces.

Best for DAOs, DeFi protocols, NFT communities and token holder groups that need low-cost governance participation.

Beginner note Snapshot votes often signal community preference. Check whether the result is binding and how execution happens afterward.

Main risks: Low governance participation, vote manipulation, whale dominance, weak proposal quality, offchain execution risk and confusion between signal votes and binding votes.

Snapshot makes DAO voting easier because users can participate without gas costs. The limitation is that voting is only one part of governance. A proposal still needs clear execution, responsible signers and a community that actually pays attention.

3. ENS: Best Ethereum DApp For Onchain Identity ENS .eth Names Wallet Address Onchain Identity

ENS, or Ethereum Name Service, lets users register readable .eth names that can point to wallet addresses, profiles and other records. Instead of sharing a long hexadecimal wallet address, a user can share a name such as example.eth.

ENS fits the identity category because it helps make Ethereum addresses more usable. A name can act as a profile layer across wallets, DApps and services that support ENS resolution.

What it does Turns long wallet addresses into human-readable .eth names and supports profile records through ENS resolvers.

Why it stands out ENS is Ethereum's best-known naming system and is widely supported by wallets, DApps and Web3 services.

Best for Users who want a readable Ethereum identity for receiving funds, building a profile or using one name across apps.

Beginner note Always verify the name and resolved address before sending funds. Similar-looking names can be used for impersonation.

Main risks: Renewal fees, expired names, impersonation, wrong resolver settings, name speculation, fake profiles and sending funds to the wrong identity. A readable name is easier to use, but it still needs verification.

ENS is one of the simplest Ethereum DApps to understand because it solves a clear UX problem. The catch is that names can expire, profiles can be copied and short or desirable names can attract speculation. Treat ENS as identity infrastructure first, not just a domain-flipping market.

Ethereum Mainnet vs Layer 2 DAppsEthereum mainnet can be expensive because users compete for blockspace and pay gas for every transaction. Layer 2 networks help solve this by processing activity away from Ethereum mainnet and settling back to Ethereum. Indeed, according to L2Fees.io, sending ETH on the mainnet costs over $1, but only a few cents on an L2.

That is why many Ethereum DApps now support Layer 2 networks such as Base, Arbitrum, Optimism, Scroll and Linea. For smaller users, L2s often provide the better day-to-day experience. You can test DApps, make smaller swaps, mint lower-cost NFTs and move around with less fee pressure.

Ethereum mainnet still has a role. It is often better for large DeFi trades, deep liquidity, high-value settlement, major DAO treasury actions and protocols where the deepest market still sits on mainnet. L2s are better when transaction cost is the main blocker.

NeedBetter FitLarge DeFi tradeEthereum mainnet or deepest liquidity venueSmall test transactionLayer 2Frequent swapsLayer 2NFT mintingDepends on the collectionDAO treasuryEthereum mainnet or a Safe-supported chainBeginner testingLayer 2 with small fundsHow To Use Ethereum DApps SafelyEthereum DApps put more responsibility on the user. Your wallet is the login, your private keys control the funds, and every transaction or approval can change what a smart contract is allowed to do with your assets.

Before using any Ethereum DApp, follow this checklist:

Safety StepWhat To DoUse the official URLGo through the project's official site, docs or verified social links. Do not click random ads, Discord links or search-result copies.Bookmark trusted DAppsOnce you confirm the correct URL, bookmark it. This reduces the risk of landing on a phishing clone later.Use a separate DApp walletKeep your long-term holdings away from your daily DeFi, NFT and minting wallet. A “hot wallet” should only hold what you plan to use.Start with a small test transactionSend, swap, mint or deposit a tiny amount first. This helps confirm the DApp, network, token and wallet flow before larger funds are involved.Read wallet warningsWallets such as MetaMask and Rabby can show transaction details, approval requests and warnings. Do not sign anything you do not understand.Check token approvalsToken approvals let smart contracts spend selected tokens from your wallet.Revoke unused approvalsTools such as Revoke.cash let users inspect approvals by network and revoke permissions they no longer use. Revoking costs gas, but it can reduce future wallet-drain risk.Avoid blind signingBlind signing means approving a transaction when you cannot clearly see what it does. This is one of the easiest ways to approve a malicious transfer.Use a hardware wallet for larger balancesHardware wallets keep private keys offline, which is safer than keeping large balances only in a browser wallet.Watch for fake tokens and fake NFT mintsCheck contract addresses, verified collections, official links and wallet prompts before buying or minting.Do not chase extreme APYVery high yield can hide smart contract risk, bad collateral, thin liquidity, token emissions, lockups or outright scams.Before You ConnectUse this short checklist before connecting a wallet to any Ethereum DApp:

Am I on the official URL?Is this the right network, such as Ethereum mainnet, Base, Arbitrum, Optimism, Scroll or Linea?Am I using a separate wallet with limited funds?Have I checked the token contract or NFT collection?Do I understand what the wallet is asking me to approve?Is the approval limited, or am I giving unlimited token access?Have I reviewed old approvals with MetaMask Portfolio, Revoke.cash or another trusted approval checker?Would I still be fine if this test transaction failed or the funds became stuck?Is the APY, mint, airdrop or offer too aggressive to trust?Have I saved my seed phrase offline and kept it away from websites, support chats and screenshots?A DApp can drain funds if you approve a malicious contract, sign a dangerous transaction or give a scammer access to your seed phrase or private keys. Wallet safety is not only about picking MetaMask, Rabby Wallet or a hardware wallet. It is about reading approvals, using transaction simulation where available and limiting exposure.

Check out our top picks for the best Ethereum wallets and best Ethereum staking pools.

Ethereum DApps Beginners Should Approach With CautionNot every Ethereum DApp is beginner-friendly. Some apps are useful for experienced DeFi users but risky for people who are still learning how wallets, token approvals, gas fees, liquidity and smart contracts work.

That does not mean beginners should avoid Ethereum DApps altogether. It means they should start with simple, proven apps and slow down when a strategy involves too many moving parts.

Risky CategoryWhy Beginners Should Be CarefulHigh-yield farms with unclear riskVery high APYs often come from token incentives, thin liquidity, risky collateral or unsustainable reward structures. If the yield looks too good, the risk is probably hiding somewhere.Unaudited contractsSmart contract audits do not guarantee safety, but unaudited contracts are even harder to assess. A bug can lock funds, drain pools or break withdrawals.Leverage trading DAppsLeverage can multiply gains, but it can also liquidate a position quickly. Beginners often underestimate funding fees, liquidation prices and market volatility.Bridge-heavy strategiesMoving assets across chains adds bridge risk, network confusion and extra transaction steps. A wrong chain, wrong token or risky bridge can turn a simple strategy into a trapdoor.Low-liquidity NFT mintsMany NFT mints have little real demand after launch. You may be able to buy easily but struggle to sell later. Fake collections and copycat mints add another layer of risk.Restaking loopsRestaking can add yield, but it also adds protocol layers, slashing risk, liquidity risk and reward uncertainty. It is not the same as simple ETH staking.Complex Pendle-style yield strategiesYield trading can be powerful, but beginners need to understand principal tokens, yield tokens, maturity dates, pricing and exit liquidity before using these tools.Unknown tokens promoted on social mediaNew tokens can come with fake contracts, honeypots, tax traps, low liquidity or coordinated pump-and-dump activity. Always verify the token contract and liquidity before trading.A good beginner rule is simple: if you cannot explain where the yield comes from, what can go wrong and how you exit, do not deposit more than a tiny test amount.

Which Ethereum DApp Should You Use?The best Ethereum DApp depends on what you want to do. Use this table as a quick decision guide before connecting your wallet.

If You Want To...Use This DAppWhySwap tokensUniswap or CoW SwapUniswap offers strong Ethereum token liquidity, while CoW Swap can help reduce MEV exposure through batch auctions and solver-based routing.Lend or borrowAaveAave is a mature lending market for supplying assets, borrowing against collateral and managing DeFi positions.Stake ETHLido or Rocket PoolLido offers deep stETH liquidity, while Rocket Pool offers a more decentralized liquid staking alternative through rETH.Trade yieldPendlePendle lets advanced users trade fixed and variable yield through Principal Tokens and Yield Tokens.Access RWAsOndo FinanceOndo offers tokenized Treasury-style products such as OUSG and USDY, subject to eligibility and product restrictions.Buy NFTsOpenSeaOpenSea is a beginner-friendly NFT marketplace for browsing, buying and selling Ethereum NFTs.Trade NFTs activelyBlurBlur is built for active NFT traders who want faster bidding, sweeping and collection-level trading tools.Manage DAO fundsSafeSafe gives DAOs, teams and organizations multisig treasury control through smart accounts.Vote in DAOsSnapshotSnapshot is a common gasless voting tool for DAO proposals and token-based governance.Create identityENSENS turns long Ethereum wallet addresses into readable .eth names and onchain profiles.

Final VerdictEthereum has one of the strongest DApp bases in crypto. If you want deep liquidity, proven smart contracts and broad wallet support, Ethereum remains the main network to compare against.

The best Ethereum DApp is not always the biggest one. It is the one that fits your goal, risk level, wallet setup and transaction budget. Gas fees, token approvals, smart contract risk and wallet safety should shape every choice. Use Ethereum mainnet when you need deep liquidity and high-value settlement. Use Layer 2 networks when lower fees and smaller test transactions are more important.

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0x is the foremost decentralised exchange protocol currently on the market. They are also one of the first having launched back in 2017.

Many in the cryptocurrency space are convinced that the era of centralised cryptocurrency exchange has to come to an end. This has led to a flood of decentralised exchange protocols that have launched over the past 3 years.

So, with so much competition, is 0x still worth it?

In this 0x review, I will give you everything that you need to know. I will also analyse the long term use cases and price potential of the ZRX tokens.

What is 0x?The 0x protocol website is pretty clear on the overarching goal of the project as it immediately states:

Powering Decentralized Exchange, 0x is an open protocol that enables the peer-to-peer exchange of assets on the Ethereum blockchain.

Back in 2016 the founders of 0x, Will Warren and Amir Bandeali, had a strong belief that blockchain technology was going to be a disruptive force. They saw a future where any asset at all would be tokenized and traded publically on blockchains.

With the versatility and scope that Ethereum brings to the table, they decided that the Ethereum blockchain would be the perfect medium for hosting this type of asset exchange and they set to work on creating the 0x protocol.

Basics of 0xThe decentralized trading offered by 0x is based on an off-chain relay that acts to keep network bloat minimized, and gas prices as low as possible.

For those familiar with the increase in gas prices and bloating that can occur on the Ethereum blockchain (think Crypto Kitties or Ether Delta), you can probably imagine the benefits realized by using an off-chain relay.

For those less familiar with the workings of Ethereum, here’s an explanation of why off-chain is the way to go for decentralized exchanges.

Most decentralized exchanges use Ethereum’s smart contracts to power all of the order functions and trades on the exchange. Using smart contracts in this way keeps user funds within their control, rather than needing to send funds to a third-party (such as Coinbase or Bittrex) and hope that the funds remain safe.

0x Compared to Centralised & Decentralised Exchanges. Image via 0x Blog

Using smart contracts also means a transaction needs to be executed on the blockchain for everything done on the exchange. That includes deposits and withdrawals, as well as placing, modifying, canceling, or filling an order. And every single transaction costs gas to ensure the transaction is processed.

When you consider how many trades a day trader might make, the number of orders being placed, modified and filled would mean gas fees could add up quite quickly. That’s a good part of the downside with decentralized exchanges. They are far ahead of centralized exchanges when it comes to security, but fall behind the centralized exchanges when you consider costs and accessibility.

The 0x protocol addressed these shortcomings of the decentralized exchange by using an off-chain relay together with on-chain settlement. In this scenario, any user is able to broadcast their order off-chain.

These orders can be picked up and filled by another user, and the only part of the entire transaction that occurs on-chain is the actual value transfer. This reduces the number of transactions being run on-chain, thus reducing the potential for bloat, and keeping gas fees from trading actions as low as possible.

The 0x RelayerThe key to off-chain transactions for 0x is the use of what they call “relayers.” These relayers broadcast the orders placed across the public or private order books, as well as bringing liquidity to the network by hosting the order books.

While this function is similar to an exchange, the relayer differs from an exchange because it is unable to provide trade execution. It’s more like a bulletin board that presents maker orders to the network.

In order to fill an order, a taker must submit their own signature along with the makers to the exchange’s smart contract. Relayers are compensated for providing this service with the 0x currency ZRX.

Overview of how the 0x Protocol Functions. Image Source

When a trade is sent through a relayer they are called “Broadcast Orders.” This allows anyone to submit orders to the network easily, and it also allows anyone to see the orders as they are broadcast and then fill them.

The 0x solution can also accommodate point-to-point orders in which the maker specifies a taker when the order is broadcast. With this type of order, users can directly transfer funds using a variety of communication channels, including email and various messaging programs.

When an order is specified as point-to-point in this manner only the specified taker can fill the order, thus protecting the transaction from hijacking by malicious actors.

Additional 0x FeaturesBesides being a basic decentralized exchange, the 0x project has included several other features and products. These include a governance mechanism, open-source smart contracts, and a token registry.

0x GovernanceIn addition to being used as compensation for relayers, the ZRX token is also used to facilitate the decentralized governance of the 0x platform. Stakeholders of the ZRX token can vote on proposals that will affect the blockchain, thus affecting the future development of the 0x protocol.

0x Update StructureOne huge benefit to 0x is that the smart contracts are open source, and the protocol itself is application agnostic.

This means any developer can build on 0x to create an exchange function, which allows the protocol to serve as a plug-in for other Ethereum dApps. There are already a number of projects being built on 0x because of this, including Publish0x, Augur, Gnosis, district0x, and more.

0x Launch Kit Screenshot. Image Source

0x itself has improved on this even further by releasing the 0x Launch Kit, which enables anyone to launch their own exchange or marketplace in minutes. The Launch Kit removes the complexities of building a relayer. The codebase allows any user to connect to wallets, wrap ETH, make and take orders, and get notified of order state changes.

0x Token RegistryNot least of all 0x includes a token registry contract which stores a list of ERC-20 tokens and the associated metadata for each, such as the token name, symbol, contract address and other details. This is the official on-chain reference that can be utilized to verify address and exchange rates.

Trading Statistics with Asset Swapper. Image Source

It has also been used to create the 0x Asset Swapper and the related 0x Instant. With the Asset Swapper, any digital asset can be programmatically exchanged. This was the base for 0x Instant, which allows anyone to offer simple crypto purchasing as a widget on any website.

You would think a project that began in 2016 would have a fairly large following on most social media sites, especially the big three for cryptocurrencies – Twitter, Telegram, and Reddit.

You’d be mostly right too, except for one change. The 0x team uses Discord, not Telegram. On Twitter, they have a massive 151,000 followers. That’s huge even for cryptocurrency projects. They’re also active on that Twitter account, not only posting their own stuff but also re-tweeting interesting bits from others.

On Reddit, the 0x sub-Reddit has over 15,000 followers, which is a pretty large following too. Things are a bit quieter over here though. Sometimes a few days will go by without any new posts, and most posts only have a few comments and replies. Good, but not great.

Some of the conversation taking place in the 0x Discord. Image via Discord

I would also say the Discord server is just good, not great. Actually, with just over 2,500 members I was surprised because I would have expected a larger following. However, there was quite a bit of interesting discussion going on with a range of different topics.

The 0x team is also on Facebook, with just over 2,000 followers. The account has regular posts, but they are several days apart, and there isn’t a whole lot of interaction.

Finally there is a forum created specifically for the 0x protocol. That has activity similar to Reddit. Posts are spread several days apart, and there are usually just a handful of replies to posts. The good news is it looks as if the more recent posts are gaining the most traction, meaning adoption of the forum may be growing.

The 0x TeamThe 0x team is led by co-founders Will Warren and Amir Bandeali, who serve as CEO and CTO respectively. The team has grown to 38 core members located in San Francisco, but there are dozens more assisting with the project globally.

One notable aspect of the 0x team is the advisors of the project. Fred Ehrsam (Coinbase co-founder), Joey Krug (Pantera Capital Co-CIO), and Linda Xie (Co-founder Scalar Capital) all advise the project.

Some of the 0x Team Members

CEO Will Warren has a Bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of California – San Diego. He went on to pursue a Ph.D. in Structural Engineering from the same university, but never completed the degree, moving on to the founding of 0x instead.

CTO Amir Bandeali graduated with a Bachelor’s degree in Finance from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He went on to work as a trader for four years prior to joining the 0x team in 2016.

The ZRX TokenThe 0x team held an ICO in August 2017, selling 500 million ZRX tokens for $0.07 each and raising $24 million in just 24 hours and 10 minutes.

The ICO was somewhat unique in that there was no marketing performed, and once the sale began registered buyers were only permitted a total of 6.77 ETH ($1,893) worth of ZRX tokens. That cap was put in place to encourage wider distribution of the ZRX tokens, and following the sale the team determined that ZRX tokens were spread across more than 13,000 Ethereum addresses.

ZRX has had a number of spikes and drops during its trading history, but it is notable that the all-time low for the token was $0.103962 on August 16, 2017. That’s notable because it is almost 50% above the ICO price and it occurred the day the ICO ended.

ZRX Price Performance. Image via CMC

Unlike most altcoins that fell throughout most of 2018, ZRX saw three more significant peaks throughout the year. The first was in late April and May when the price briefly moved above $2 again. It fell quickly from that height, trading below $0.70 by June, but then jumping back above $1 in conjunction with the 0x v2 testnet launch.

It dipped back below $1 but remained in the $0.70 to $0.90 range over the next few months as enthusiasm over the mainnet launch of 0x in September kept price elevated. Surprisingly the price began falling in October after Coinbase announced it was listing ZRX.

Since then the price has been steadily retreating and as of September 9, 2019, the price of ZRX is down to $0.160732.

As we’ve seen from the historical movements in ZRX the token seems to get a healthy boost when the team meets major milestones. With that in mind, it could be good to keep an eye on the project’s roadmap to determine when the next major announcement might occur.

Buying & Storing ZRXIf you’re interested in buying ZRX you’ll be pleased to know that it is available from a huge number of exchanges. The greatest volume is at MXC, followed by HitBTC and BitMax. It’s also available from Coinbase, Binance, OkEx, Bittrex, Poloniex and many others.

The volume is well spread out across these exchanges which means that ZRX is not dependent on a singular market. There is also strong liquidity on the individual order books. For example, on Binance the ZRX / BTC books are deep and there is high turnover.

Once you have your ZRX in hand (so to speak) storing it is easy. It’s an ERC-20 token, so it can be stored in any wallet with ERC-20 support. That includes MyEtherWallet and MetaMask, as well as the hardware wallets Trezor and Ledger. There are also a number of software wallets that can be used such as the Exodus desktop wallet.

DevelopmentOften there can be a mismatch between the amount of development that a project claims that they are doing vs. the amount that is actually been done.

Therefore, I often like to dive right into their public code repositories and check out the amount of coding activity. Below are the top three most active repos in the 0x GitHub.

Code Commits to Select Repos over past 12 months

As you can see the developers are really active and have been pushing regular commits over the past year. These are also only three of the repos when there are a further 71 others with varying degrees of code commits.

This ranks 0x pretty highly when it comes to raw developer output. In fact, if we were to take a look at it compared to some of the other blockchain projects it is ranked at 13 in terms of code commits and 14 with overall activity.

Indeed this level of coding activity could make sense when viewed in the context of the broader roadmap. For example, in September of last year they released v2.0 of their protocol which required extensive testing and iterations.

0x RoadmapLooking ahead, there are some really exciting projects and features that the 0x developers are working on. These include larger protocol upgrades as well as numerous 0x Improvement Proposals (ZEIPs).

There are a number of these so I won't go into them here but some of the most exciting include the 0x Mesh & networked liquidity. This is a a peer-to-peer network for sharing orders which will serve as an alternative to the Standard Relayer API

There is also some really exciting research that is taking place on coordinators. These are essentially a service that will enforce certain rules over the execution of trades. They combine the best features of Order matching and the Open Orderbook.

There is also the many strides that are being made on the launch of v 3.0 of the 0x protocol. This has currently been deployed on the Kovan testnet. One of the most interesting features of v3.0 will be the inaugural launch of 0x staking.

The 0x team keeps their community fully updated about their development in their official blog as well as their broader documentation.

Conclusion0x is attempting to bring the strengths of both decentralized and centralized exchanges to the crypto space while leaving the weaknesses behind. Decentralization provides security of funds, while the use of off-chain relayers gives users the same low-cost trading they’ve come to expect from centralized exchanges.

By keeping settlements on-chain users receive all the benefits of a decentralized exchange, with transactions cleared just once to keep fees at a minimum. Adding smart contracts to manage the entire process keeps everything as secure as possible.

When you consider the huge amounts that have been involved in so many different centralized exchange hacks, it’s clear that a good decentralized solution is necessary.

0x could be that solution, but we wonder if their first-mover advantage will be enough to keep them in the lead as Binance prepares to launch their own decentralized exchange, and other leading centralized exchanges explore the possibility of decentralization as well.

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PANews reported on March 27th that, according to Cryptopolitan, Ethereum Layer 2 network Polygon has proposed a new fee model, PIP-85, aimed at reversing the over 60% drop in its native token POL's price over the past year and addressing competition from Base and Arbitrum. The proposal would redistribute 50% of priority fee revenue to network validators and delegators, and adjust validator reward distribution from being based on staking size to being based on contribution performance. Of the remaining validator pool, 75% would be allocated based on contribution rather than staking size, while 25% would remain allocated according to existing staking weights. The authors stated in the proposal that implementing this proposal requires no direct on-chain changes.

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