On 2nd September 2026, engineers within the Tezos ecosystem built a post-quantum previewnet, covering user keys, consensus, and randomness generation.
Though the launch was experimental, it was still further than any major chain has ever gone.
The market noticed. In fact, AMBCrypto reported that XTZ rallied by 30% after the news, hitting a four-month high on an 878% volume surge. Open Interest climbed by 44%, while derivatives volume spiked by 272%.
Tezos’s co-founder Arthur Breitman has been blunt about the stakes. Previously, he has called Bitcoiners’ quantum theories “half-baked crank theories about quantum mechanics.” However, in a recent conversation with AMBCrypto, he clarified,
The crank theories represent a small group of people, though there’s a broader group that sees no urgency, or believes Bitcoin can handle post quantum without any soft or hard fork.
Urgency comes from Google’s “9-minute problem” What exacerbated the debate on crypto and quantum computers? Well, in March 2026, Google published a research paper that compressed the timeline of the quantum threat from a “2040s problem” to a preparation window for “2030–2035.”
The paper cut the estimated physical qubits needed to break Bitcoin’s elliptic curve cryptography by roughly 20x — From millions to fewer than 500,000.
That paper triggered a scramble in the industry. What was even more notable was the “9-minute problem.” For the uninitiated, public keys are exposed in Bitcoin’s mempool while the network confirms it.
Google’s paper also claimed a powerful enough quantum computer could potentially extract a key within approximately 9 minutes under specific assumptions. And Bitcoin’s average block time is 10 minutes.
Google puts the odds of a successful hijack at 41% — not a guarantee, but much too close for comfort.
However, Maksym Sakharov, CEO & Co-Founder of WeFi, told AMBCrypto,
I would be careful about treating the 41% figure as a prediction of what will happen in practice.
He explained,
Google’s paper models a specific attack scenario under a defined set of assumptions, including a sufficiently capable fault-tolerant quantum computer, a public key becoming available almost immediately, and conditions that can favor either the attacker or the legitimate user depending on network behavior.
According to Google’s paper, the attack doesn’t need to crack your cold wallet or steal your seed phrase. It just needs to catch your transaction in that brief window when your key is visible.
Sakharov, talking about the long-term, hypothesized,
Preparation matters more than prediction. The objective should be to ensure that migration paths, governance, and upgrade mechanisms are in place well before advances in quantum computing become an operational concern.
It’s not so easy for Bitcoin For Bitcoin, however, the problem can get even more complicated. Glassnode’s May 2026 research found that over 6 million Bitcoin, or roughly 30% of BTC’s current supply, sits in addresses where the public key is already visible on-chain. That’s roughly $500–600 billion ripe for the taking.
And yet, the contrast between the exchanges is striking. About 1.66 million BTC held on exchanges falls into the exposed category — roughly 40% of all operationally exposed Bitcoin. Coinbase has 5% exposure; Fidelity at 2%.
Binance sits at 85%. Bitfinex, Robinhood, and several others are at or near 100%.
Christopher Smith, co-founder and CEO of Quantus, elaborated on Bitcoin’s exposure problem in conversation with AMBCrypto.
It’s a solvable technical problem, but the social coordination is the difficult part. For various reasons, Bitcoin has cultivated a culture of not changing, but it really is a cultural issue more than a technical issue. If we had a post-quantum address type, then most big addresses could migrate within a few months.
He continued,
The bigger issues are that post-quantum addresses could take years to ship, and nobody has a politically viable solution for Satoshi’s coins, which are currently an $80B quantum canary.
Smith’s argument highlights one of Bitcoin’s unresolved questions. The harder decisions will involve coins that will never migrate, including Bitcoin founder Satoshi’s 1.1 million stash.
Coinbase’s Quantum Advisory Council understands these concerns as well and has thus outlined three options: freeze, burn, or do nothing and take the loss. However, each option here clashes with Bitcoin’s core principles in some way.
So, what’s the solution? For Bitcoin’s network to become quantum-proof, starting today means completion on around 2033. This would uncomfortably overlap with Google’s 2030–2035 preparation window.
One must also remember that Bitcoin’s governance is notoriously slow. It’s an open secret. SegWit took over eight years from conception to adoption, and Taproot underwent the same journey in nearly seven years.
For casual observers on the scene, Bitcoin’s BIP-360 may seem like the solution. It is the network’s quantum-resistance proposal that introduces a new address type called P2MR (Pay-to-Merkle-Root), removes Taproot’s key-path spending, and uses hash-based commitments.
However, be warned, BIP-360 is not quantum-proof. In fact, it does not answer the Bitcoin network’s concerns. As Christopher Smith told AMBCrypto,
The quantum safety of a BIP360 address is the same as a P2PKH address. To make a fully post-quantum address type, we need post-quantum op codes, which requires a decision on which post-quantum algorithm to support, and there is no official process for this.
In a nutshell, BIP-360 has critical limits that cannot be ignored.
First of all, it doesn’t replace Bitcoin’s cryptography as ECDSA and Schnorr signatures remain in use. P2MR reduces exposure by forcing spending through script paths, but it’s merely a risk-reduction measure.
Also, BIP-360 will not migrate existing coins automatically. There is a 2-step process here. To begin with, every wallet, exchange, and custodian needs to support the new quantum-proof addresses. Next, users will have to voluntarily move funds. That coordination hasn’t started yet, and there’s no timeline as to when it will.
Breitman has a word of advice though,
Offer hash-based signatures now. The chain can soft-fork very quickly in an emergency, I believe it will, and that’s a good thing. But users can be very slow moving, and they need to be given ample time, several years, to migrate.
What are the market’s altcoins doing? Altcoin networks have already started their push towards making crypto future-ready, in a sense. The most notable example is the Tezos network, whose post-quantum previewnet went live on 2nd September 2026, with tz5 accounts using ML-DSA-44 signatures.
The network also supports STARK-based consensus aggregation, a ZODA data availability layer, and TzEL private payments on testnet, making it the most comprehensive quantum-resistant network out of any major chain.
According to Breitman,
Starks have come a long way in terms of proving speed and ease of deployment, and they pair very nicely with hash-based signatures.
As far as the rest of the market is concerned, Native Falcon-1024 accounts have been live on Algorand’s mainnet since v5.0.0 in August 2026. Since then, the network has processed over 500,000+ post-quantum-signed transactions. Right now, Falcon-1024 is a NIST Level 5 standard — the highest security category.
The Quantum Resistant Ledger, also dubbed to be the “original post-quantum blockchain,” has been running XMSS since June 2018. That’s eight years of quantum-resistant operations!
The list will be incomplete without mentioning Ethereum since it has released a roadmap targeting full quantum protection by 2029. Account abstraction, also dubbed EIP-8141, will let users switch to quantum-resistant signatures before the protocol-wide migration begins.
‘Quantum-ready’ is already becoming a narrative Today, a network being ‘quantum-ready’ is more than just a talking point. For traders, the differentiator is quite simple — which chains look ready, and which are still dragging their feet?
Currently, only Tezos, Algorand, and QRL have real implementations. Though it is a start, it is concerning, as none of the major altcoin networks, with the exception of Ethereum, even have a concrete roadmap.
Bitcoin does not even have its head in the game.
The window between “we have time” and “we’re out of time” is narrowing. If the transition to post-quantum cryptography arrives sooner, the networks that began preparing early will be the victors.
Maksym Sakharov mulled,
The strongest ecosystems are already thinking about cryptographic migration as part of their long-term roadmap rather than as a future emergency. Good financial infrastructure is designed around the assumption that today’s strongest cryptography will eventually be replaced by
something stronger.
For now, the market is watching, and the chains already in the game have a head start.
For individual users, though, the takeaway is simpler: DYOR. As Sakharov put it,
Individual users cannot realistically prepare for advances in cryptography on their own. Their long-term protection will depend far more on whether the infrastructure they rely on is designed to adapt as security standards evolve.
Final Summary Quantum computers can theoretically steal exposed Bitcoin keys in nine minutes — under the 10-minute window needed for Bitcoin’s mempool. Tezos, Algorand, and QRL are already quantum-ready, while Bitcoin’s BIP-360 is just a risk-reduction measure, not a solution.
Algorand ($ALGO) stablecoin market cap has risen almost 25% in a week to $97.07M, putting the $100M milestone within reach, per DefiLlama data.
Algorand ($ALGO) is closing in on a stablecoin milestone. The stablecoin market cap on the network has risen by nearly 25% over the past week, according to DefiLlama data, and now stands at $97.07M.
If that pace holds, the network will pass $100M in stablecoin supply in the coming days. That would place @Algorand among a group of only 26 other networks above that level.
What the data showsDefiLlama's Algorand dashboard, updated on Oct. 21, 2026, lists stablecoin market cap at $97.1M, with a 7-day change of +24.92%. USDC dominance is 98.51%, which means the increase is almost entirely driven by a single issuer's token.
That concentration is not new. In late September, a separate snapshot showed the supply at about $45M, with USDC making up nearly 96%. The latest figure is therefore more than double that level in under a month. A third-party report also pointed to a sharp rise in USDC on the network over 30 days, with total stablecoin supply reaching its highest level since July 2025.
Algorand is one of the chains where Circle issues USDC natively rather than through a bridge. Circle's Cross-Chain Transfer Protocol is also expanding the number of chains between which USDC can move, which can make it easier for liquidity to arrive on smaller networks.
Rankings and what to watchA move past $100M would be a symbolic step more than a structural one. Sitting alongside the broader ecosystem, Algorand's DeFi total value locked was $34.62M on the same DefiLlama page, and 24-hour DEX volume was around $188,522. Stablecoin supply alone does not show how actively the funds are being used.
If growth continues beyond the $100M mark, the chain could overtake networks such as @SonicLabs and @NEARProtocol in stablecoin supply rankings. Those comparisons depend on daily changes in supply on each chain, and positions can shift quickly.
For $ALGO, which DefiLlama lists with a market cap of about $1.03B, the stablecoin trend is one indicator of on-chain liquidity. It does not by itself point to price direction.
SourcesDefiLlama: Algorand chain metrics
Eco: How USDC works in 2026 (native chain list and CCTP V2, citing Circle)
Algorand uses a committee vote and Pure Proof-of-Stake to avoid forks, so payments are final in one block of about 2.8 seconds. Here is how it compares with Bitcoin.
Bitcoin users usually wait about an hour before treating a payment as settled. Algorand ($ALGO) takes a different approach: payments are final as soon as they land in a block, which arrive roughly every 2.8 seconds.
Why Bitcoin payments wait for confirmationsOn Bitcoin ($BTC), miners work at the same time, so conflicting versions of the chain can briefly form. According to a University of Maryland paper, the shorter branch is orphaned and any conflicting transactions are invalidated. This is the fork problem, and it means a payment on the losing side can be undone.
The risk of a reversal falls as more blocks are added on top. The same paper notes that a transaction with six confirmations is widely accepted as secure against double-spending. At about 10 minutes per block, researchers note that six confirmations take roughly an hour, which makes payments slow.
How Algorand avoids forksAlgorand is built to stop those splits from happening. It uses Pure Proof-of-Stake, in which, per Spark's Bitcoin vs Algorand comparison, a verifiable random function selects block proposers and committee members. Selection odds are proportional to the amount of ALGO held. Each new block goes to a vote by randomly chosen voters, and it needs more than two-thirds of the votes to pass.
Because the chain does not split, there is nothing to roll back. Finst's Algorand explainer says there is no need for several more blocks to be built on top of a block before it gets extra confirmation. Spark lists Algorand's finality as deterministic, in a single block, against Bitcoin's probabilistic finality of about 60 minutes for six confirmations.
The trade-off in a crisisThe design has a cost when things go wrong. If the network splits, or too many voters act dishonestly, Algorand stops producing blocks. Payments then wait until enough honest voters can reach each other again to restart. The protocol tolerates bad actors only while more than two-thirds of the stake is honest, according to Spark.
In short, Algorand trades continuous availability under extreme stress for speed and certainty in normal operation. Bitcoin makes the opposite trade: the chain keeps moving, but users wait for added confirmations before they can rely on a payment.
Sources:
Algorand: Pure Proof-of-Stake technologySpark: Bitcoin vs AlgorandLiao and Katz: Incentivizing Double-Spend Collusion in Bitcoin
Algorand continues to make commendable progress towards post-quantum security. In an X post, the blockchain declared that it now ranks first in the industry in post-quantum (PQ) transactions.
Over 2.7M post-quantum transactions on mainnet, more than any other blockchain on the planet. Others are still talking about the quantum threat. We’ve been shipping since 2022, and nobody has caught us.
Simply put, if there were functional quantum computers today, Algorand’s transactions won’t be cracked or funds stolen.
But blockchain’s mainnet transactions are just one part of the stack that should be secured. There are wallet addresses, consensus mechanisms, price oracles, and more that should have PQ signatures too for a chain to achieve full post-quantum security.
Currently, Algorand has a hybrid model that supports classical (elliptic curve cryptography, ECDSA) and post-quantum signatures for transactions, cross-chain communication, and wallets.
This allows for a more gradual transition and for users to migrate at their own pace for now. In fact, this is the approach Coinbase wants Bitcoin to adopt.
Comparing Algorand’s post-quantum readiness As of September, Algorand had a ‘C’ grade for post-quantum readiness assessment. As mentioned earlier, the ‘C’ is because the chain has PQ signatures for transactions and the consensus mechanism.
However, it still lacks PQ-ready schemes for privacy features, zero-knowledge (ZK) proofs, and P2P connections.
It shares the same C rating as Zcash. However, its PQ progress and readiness are way better than Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana, which have D and F ratings.
Source: Migration Fail That said, responding to the update, Dr. Joseph Kearney, technical advisor at Quantum Resistance Ledger (QRL), congratulated Algorand but noted that they still lead in PQ transactions with over 6M.
The fact that some blockchains are now competing and bantering about which platforms have the most PQ transactions is utterly impressive. Especially amid renewed quantum and advanced AI fears in the past few days.
But will the narrative boost the value of the underlying tokens?
Impact on Algorand’s ALGO? On the price charts, ALGO market sentiment was at a ‘neutral’ level after this week’s broader market pullback. The latest post-quantum update seemed to have little impact on the token’s market sentiment, at least in the short term.
Hence, the upcoming macro volatility and broader market could have more influence on ALGO’s next price moves. As of writing, ALGO was down 19% and could drop to $0.10 or lower if the risk-off deepens.
Source: ALGO/USDT, TradingView Final Summary Algorand post-quantum transactions hit a record high of over 2.7M The blockchain had a ‘C’ grade for post-quantum readiness compared to Bitcoin and Ethereum, which had ‘D’ and ‘F’ ratings
Algorand (ALGO) says it has processed millions of post-quantum transactions on mainnet since Google's quantum paper, using NIST-selected Falcon signatures.
@Algorand says it has processed roughly 1.7 million post-quantum transactions on mainnet since @Google published its widely discussed research on quantum threats to cryptocurrencies, as the network pushes its early start on quantum-resistant security as a competitive edge for $ALGO.
The figure is a company claim and has shifted in recent weeks. Algorand's own posts earlier this week cited , and secondary coverage has since reported . The numbers have not been independently audited in the sources reviewed.
What Google's paper changedThe research behind the debate was published on March 30 by Google Quantum AI. The authors stressed that such attacks are not yet feasible.
The paper also pointed to chains already working on the problem. According to a market report, The same report noted that , only that it had implemented features to support future migration.
How Algorand's approach worksAlgorand's technical documentation says The chain's history is also protected: That is only part of the picture, however. Algorand's own write-up says the hardest remaining step
There are trade-offs. , which
Other networks are also preparing. One analysis noted that It also described @Starknet as using hash-based cryptography that is Algorand's transaction count, if it holds, shows live usage rather than roadmaps, though the volume does not settle how the wider industry will migrate.
Sources
Algorand technical brief on Falcon-signed transactionsThe Quantum Insider on Google's quantum paperThe Defiant on the Google Quantum AI whitepaper
The Algorand Foundation has lost another senior executive. Marc Vanlerberghe resigned on October 14, 2026, ending a 2.5-year run that began when he joined as Chief Marketing Officer in March 2024.
By the time he left, his title had grown to Chief Strategy and Marketing Officer. That makes this more than a branding departure. The person shaping how Algorand pitched itself to the world is now out of the C-suite.
His exit lands during a broader overhaul. New CEO William Herkelrath is reviewing the foundation’s initiatives and partnerships, and his stated goal is to make Algorand self-sustaining.
A month of exits
Vanlerberghe’s resignation is not happening in isolation. It follows the departure of Chief Technology Officer Bruno Martins, who resigned around October 9, 2026.
Martins’ exit itself came after the resignation of former CEO Staci Warden. Her departure opened the door for Herkelrath, who took over as CEO on August 31, 2026. The foundation formally announced his appointment on September 9, 2026.
The changes reach the board as well. Herkelrath and Alex Fowler joined it, while Rebecca Rettig and Michael Mosier stepped off.
Vanlerberghe is not disappearing entirely. He has committed to staying an active member of the Algorand community even after giving up his executive post.
Herkelrath’s mandate
To understand the departures, it helps to understand what the new boss wants. Herkelrath arrives with a background that includes Chainlink, the oracle network that connects blockchains to outside data.
His brief has two big pillars. The first is pushing Algorand toward institutional adoption, meaning banks, asset managers, and other large financial players. The second is strengthening the network’s post-quantum cryptography capabilities.
Reviews like that rarely leave every program, or every executive, untouched. When a new CEO starts asking which projects earn their keep, the org chart tends to get rearranged too.
What this means for Algorand
Community reaction has split along predictable lines. Some members are uneasy about how quickly senior leaders are leaving. Others see the exits as a necessary clearing of the decks under new management.
There are a few things worth watching from here. The first is whether the foundation names replacements for the CTO and marketing roles, and what backgrounds those hires bring.
The second is the outcome of Herkelrath’s partnership review. Which initiatives survive will reveal how aggressively the foundation is cutting toward its self-sustaining target.
The third is the post-quantum roadmap itself. Announcements are easy. Shipped upgrades that institutions can actually evaluate are the harder, and more meaningful, milestone.
Disclosure: This article was edited by John Chen. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.
EU regulators have flagged quantum risks to blockchain cryptography. Algorand (ALGO) says Falcon-signed State Proofs and native quantum-safe accounts are live, with consensus the remaining gap.
Regulators are putting more weight behind a long-running concern in crypto: that quantum computers could one day undermine the cryptography that secures blockchains. @Algorand says its defenses are already running on mainnet, though one major component remains unfinished.
Regulators raise the quantum riskThe European Supervisory Authorities, which bring together the European Banking Authority, the European Securities and Markets Authority and the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority, flagged the issue in their Autumn 2026 risk update. According to CoinDesk, the authorities said an advanced quantum computer could undermine the cryptography used to secure blockchains, and that the threat could emerge before the technology has a viable commercial application.
The European Commission has also urged member states to begin post-quantum transitions by the end of 2026, CoinDesk reported. The original post also points to a US government audit last week that found federal agencies unprepared. That audit could not be independently verified for this draft.
What Algorand says is already liveAlgorand says it has been working on the problem for several years. Per the project's own documentation, it introduced State Proofs in 2022, and these are signed using Falcon, a post-quantum digital signature scheme selected by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
The project has since extended protection to user accounts. The same page says native Falcon-1024 accounts went live on mainnet in August 2026 after the Algorand v5.0.0 upgrade reached the required network approval threshold. Blockchain Reporter noted that previously, similar protection required custom logic attached to an account.
Algorand also recorded its first quantum-resilient mainnet transaction in 2025, according to the same report.
Consensus is the remaining gapThe last major piece is consensus. Algorand's voting keys still rely on classical cryptography, according to the original post, which says the project targets full quantum resilience by the end of 2027. The Algorand Foundation has cautioned that other protocol components are still migrating and has not claimed the system is fully future-proof, as Blockchain Reporter reported.
For $ALGO holders and developers, the practical takeaway is that protection now covers chain history and, for users who opt in, individual accounts. The block-production layer is the part still to be addressed. No reported quantum attack has so far derived a Bitcoin private key from its public key, so the warnings remain about future risk rather than a present threat.
SourcesCoinDesk: EU financial watchdogs warn quantum computing poses imminent threat to blockchain encryption
Algorand: Post-Quantum Technology
Blockchain Reporter: Algorand v5 adds quantum-resilient accounts on mainnet
Algorand's xGov program lets block-producing accounts vote on grants for open-source builders, with funds paid onchain. Here is how voting power and approval thresholds work.
Crypto grants are usually handed out by a foundation. @Algorand's xGov program takes a different route: the people who keep the network running vote on them instead, with funds paid onchain to open-source builders.
How voting power works on Algorand xGovVoting power comes from producing blocks. Each block that an account produced over a recent 3 million-block window counts as one vote, so busier node runners carry more weight. Messari's Q3 2025 brief says voting power is assigned in proportion to blocks produced in the most recent 3 million-block observation window, which is updated every million blocks.
The model ties influence to network contribution rather than token holdings. According to the xGov Explorer, there is no minimum ALGO stake requirement. Participants must instead operate an Algorand node involved in consensus.
The biggest nodes cannot push a grant through alone. A proposal needs at least 51% yes votes plus two turnout minimums. One counts every voter equally, while the other counts voting power. Bigger requests need higher turnout. The xGov Explorer also notes that the voting mechanism varies by category depending on the amount requested.
Launch, fees and scope@AlgoFoundation took xGov live on mainnet in July 2025. Block-producing accounts enroll for a small one-time fee to vote. Messari reports that voters pay a one-time enrollment fee of 10 ALGO, while proposers must complete KYC and pay a separate 100 ALGO account creation fee.
Proposals are limited in scope. Per Messari, grants range from 2,500 to 200,000 ALGO and cover tools such as SDKs, wallets, explorers and telemetry. The Foundation set an initial 2025 xGov budget of 3 million ALGO, or 0.03% of total token supply, according to the same report. The xGov Explorer adds that only retroactive grant proposals for open-source contributions and projects are accepted.
The program sits alongside Algorand's shift away from governance rewards. The Algorand blog says staking now rewards node operators for securing the network, while xGov gives engaged community members a role in directing ecosystem development.
Algorand [ALGO] was touted as a promising real-world asset altcoin that could pump this week. Popular crypto analyst Ali Martinez drew attention to the bullish chances of ALGO.
Source: Ali Martinez on X The altcoin was still stuck below the $0.14 local resistance level. Describing it as a channel, the analyst wrote that a daily session close above this level would confirm a breakout toward $0.19.
Assessing Algorand’s bullish chances In the past 24 hours, Algorand has rallied 10.1%, with a 41.6% increase in daily trading volume. A handful of other altcoins have made similar gains following the Bitcoin bounce toward $84k on Sunday, the 11th of October.
The market-wide bounce spurred $191 million in liquidations in a day, with $141 million of them being short. Algorand’s share was $141.3k in short liquidations compared to just $19.8k in long liquidations.
Source: ALGO/USDT on TradingView Since posting the low of $0.0757 in late July, ALGO bulls have driven a sizeable rally that challenged the $0.1396 swing high from May. A post-quantum roadmap and increased network activity helped fuel bullish short-term sentiment.
A brief price move above it was beaten back, and the altcoin fell to $0.115, but has since bounced to $0.126. While this appeared to be a good outcome in the short term, the daily swing structure was still bearish.
A daily session close above $0.14, as the analyst pointed out, would be a solid start to a trend reversal. The next swing high on the daily timeframe was at $0.19, explaining ALGO’s next target.
Traders’ call to action – Wait for confirmation to buy Traders can choose a more aggressive approach and buy ALGO soon, or wait for a daily structure break and a subsequent retracement before buying. The latter approach would involve waiting for a confirmation.
Source: ALGO/USDT on TradingView The 4-hour structure was firmly bullish. The 78.6% Fibonacci retracement level was tested and has yielded a bullish response. A move above $0.1396 would be the bullish continuation buyers could wait for.
Final Summary Algorand may be one RWA altcoin that is to have an outstanding week on the price charts. The proximity to the $0.1396 swing high, which is key for both a long-term trend reversal and a short-term bullish trend continuation, explains these bullish expectations.
Should the bullish case plays out, one of the cryptocurrencies might skyrocket by 140%.
The real-world assets (RWA) niche has become a key pillar of the cryptocurrency sector, with a market capitalization exceeding $53 billion.
According to popular analyst Ali Martinz, three such tokens may see substantial price gains in the coming days. Check out which ones are in question and the potential catalysts.
ONDO and ALGO The analyst pointed to Ondo (ONDO) first, which appears to have broken out of a cup-and-handle pattern that has been forming since January. The token currently trades around $0.50 (per CoinGecko), and Martinez noted a retest of the neckline near $0.46, saying that level held as support.
“If it continues to hold, the pattern points toward $0.90, nearly double the neckline price,” he added.
Other market observers who have recently made optimistic predictions on ONDO include FOUR | Crypto Spaces and MikybullCrypto. The former hinted at a potential uptrend if the asset holds support, builds a base, and reclaims $1.15. The latter was much more bullish, forecasting:
“ONDO is giving you the last chance before the train leaves. $8 bull target incoming.”
The second RWA token Martinez paid attention to is Algorand (ALGO). He maintained that the coin still needs to clear resistance, suggesting it has consolidated inside a channel capped near $0.14. In his view, a daily close above that mark could confirm a breakout toward $0.19.
It is worth noting that ALGO is among the top-performing cryptocurrencies today (October 12), up 12% and trading just south of $0.13. Its Relative Strength Index (RSI), though, has surged past 70, suggesting the valuation has risen too quickly and could be due for a correction.
ALGO RSI, Source: CryptoWaves How About INJ? Martinez concluded his analysis with Injective (INJ), claiming that it has broken out of a cup-and-handle pattern, followed by a retest of the neckline near $7.
You may also like: ‘Buy Crypto’ Google Searches Hit Yearly Highs: Is Retail Coming Back? Altcoins Are Rallying, But Analyst Says Alt Season Has Yet to Begin Trump’s $5,000 Checks Could Send Billions Into Bitcoin and Crypto: But There’s a Catch “If buyers defend that level, the pattern projects a move toward $17, roughly 140% above the neckline,” he added.
Sjuul | AltCryptoGems also seems in favor of INJ, calling it a “gem” people shouldn’t sleep on. For their part, WIZZ recently noted that the asset’s latest price trajectory has mimicked the move from 2024, which was later followed by a huge rally.
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About the author
Dimitar got interested in cryptocurrencies back in 2018 amid the prolonged bear market. His biggest passion in the field is Bitcoin and he was fascinated with its journey. With a flair for producing high-quality content, he started covering the cryptocurrency space in late 2018. His hobby is football.
Kripto analisti Ali Charts, bu hafta takip edilmesi gereken üç altcoini açıkladı. ONDO için 0,90 dolar, Algorand (ALGO) için 0,19 dolar ve Injective (INJ) için 17 dolar hedefini öne çıkaran analist, yükseliş senaryolarının belirli dirençlerin aşılmasına veya desteklerin korunmasına bağlı olduğunu belirtiyor.
Üç projede de farklı teknik yapılar öne çıkıyor. ONDO kırdığı formasyonun desteğini test ederken ALGO’nun yeni bir yükseliş için direnci aşması gerekiyor. INJ ise kırılımın ardından kritik destek bölgesini korumaya çalışıyor.
ONDO 0,90 Dolara Yükselebilir mi? Ali Charts’a göre ONDO, ocak ayından bu yana oluşan fincan-kulp formasyonunu yukarı yönlü kırdı. Fiyatın daha sonra yaklaşık 0,46 dolar seviyesindeki boyun çizgisine geri dönmesi ve bu bölgenin destek olarak korunması, analistin yükseliş senaryosunu güçlendiren işaretler arasında yer alıyor.
Fincan-kulp formasyonu, fiyatın yuvarlak bir dip oluşturmasının ardından kısa süreli bir geri çekilme yaşamasıyla ortaya çıkıyor. Formasyonun yukarı kırılması, teknik analizde yükseliş ihtimaline işaret edebiliyor.
Ali Charts, 0,46 dolar desteğinin korunması halinde ONDO için 0,90 dolar seviyesini gündeme getiriyor. Bu hedef, formasyonun boyun çizgisine göre neredeyse iki katlık bir yükseliş anlamına geliyor. Ancak fiyatın destek bölgesini koruyamaması, söz konusu senaryoyu zayıflatabilir.
Algorand 0,14 Dolar Direncini Aşarsa Ne Olur? Algorand (ALGO), diğer iki tokendan farklı olarak henüz kritik kırılımı gerçekleştirmiş değil. Ali Charts, fiyatın üst sınırı yaklaşık 0,14 dolar olan bir kanal içerisinde hareket ettiğini belirtiyor.
Analiste göre günlük kapanışın 0,14 doların üzerine çıkması, yukarı yönlü kırılımı doğrulayabilir. Böyle bir durumda 0,19 dolar hedefi gündeme gelebilir.
Bu senaryoda takip edilmesi gereken nokta yalnızca direncin kısa süreli aşılması değil, fiyatın günlük kapanışta bu seviyenin üzerinde kalabilmesi. Ali Charts’ın değerlendirmesi, ALGO’da yükseliş ihtimalinin henüz bir teyit aşamasına ihtiyaç duyduğunu gösteriyor.
Injective (INJ) 17 Dolara Çıkabilir mi? Injective (INJ), Ali Charts’ın listesinde kırılım sonrasında destek testi yapan üçüncü altcoin. Analist, INJ’nin fincan-kulp formasyonunu yukarı kırdığını ve ardından yaklaşık 7 dolar seviyesindeki boyun çizgisine geri döndüğünü belirtiyor.
Bu bölgenin alıcılar tarafından korunması halinde formasyon, 17 dolar seviyesine doğru bir hareket ihtimaline işaret ediyor. Analistin hesaplamasına göre bu hedef, 7 dolarlık boyun çizgisinin yaklaşık %140 üzerinde bulunuyor.
Ancak 17 dolar hedefi, mevcut fiyat üzerinden garanti edilmiş bir getiri anlamına gelmiyor. Senaryonun geçerliliği, INJ’nin destek bölgesini korumasına ve kırılım sonrasında alıcıların güç kazanmasına bağlı.
ONDO, ALGO ve INJ İçin Hangi Seviyeler Önemli? Ali Charts’ın üç altcoin için değerlendirmesi farklı teknik koşullara dayanıyor:
ONDO: 0,46 dolar bölgesini destek olarak korumalı. ALGO: 0,14 dolar üzerinde günlük kapanış yapmalı. INJ: 7 dolar civarındaki boyun çizgisinde alıcı bulmalı. Bu seviyeler, analistin teknik analizine dayanan senaryoları gösteriyor; kesin fiyat tahminleri değil. Üç altcoin arasındaki temel fark, ONDO’nun kırılım sonrası desteği test etmesi, ALGO’nun henüz direnci aşması gerekmesi ve INJ’nin kırılımın ardından destek bulmaya çalışması.
Bu nedenle bu haftanın asıl takip noktası, açıklanan fiyat hedeflerinden çok her altcoinin yükseliş senaryosunu doğrulayacak teknik koşulları yerine getirip getiremeyeceği.
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Tron founder Justin Sun has announced that the network’s post-quantum cryptography is now operational on its testnet, signaling a proactive move to secure blockchain assets against potential threats from quantum computing advancements.
Tron’s quantum resistance initiativeIn a social media post shared on Saturday, Sun stated that Tron developers are closely monitoring developments in both quantum computing and artificial intelligence. He emphasized that Tron is prepared to deploy quantum-resistant solutions to its mainnet whenever necessary.
“We’re committed to keeping user assets secure, and Tron is set to be one of the few major blockchains that is quantum-resistant before Q-Day,” Sun wrote, referencing the anticipated milestone when quantum computers could undermine current security standards.
We’re closely tracking progress in quantum computing and AI, and we’re ready to bring quantum resistance to mainnet at any time, Sun said in a post on X.
The Tron network, established by Justin Sun, is a major blockchain platform focused on decentralized applications and digital asset trading. Its move towards post-quantum cryptography positions it among the leading blockchain projects working to stay ahead of emerging technological risks.
Industry-wide push for post-quantum securityAs interest grows regarding the future capabilities of quantum computers, blockchain security experts have intensified research into quantum-resistant technologies. Many worry that powerful quantum machines will eventually crack elliptic-curve cryptography, which serves as the security backbone for networks like Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Coindesk recently reported that AmericanFortress, a blockchain security company, has unveiled a cryptographic solution designed to protect digital wallets from future quantum attacks. Uniquely, the proposal maintains existing wallet addresses and does not require users to transfer funds, rotate keys, or alter wallet addresses to achieve post-quantum protection.
AmericanFortress shared its technical approach in a paper uploaded to the Cryptography ePrint Archive, a repository for cryptographic research. At the time of publication, the proposal had not undergone peer review.
Mini dictionary: Cryptography ePrint Archive, an online repository for researchers to share papers on cryptography and information security, often prior to formal peer review.
Major blockchain projects respondDevelopers across the industry have accelerated efforts to deploy quantum-resistant measures. Early this year, a consortium led by blockchain security firm Strategy committed $15 million to support Bitcoin quantum security research. The Ethereum Foundation presented a proposal to help migrate accounts to quantum-resistant cryptography, and Algorand revealed plans to introduce quantum-resistant accounts by 2027.
The growing focus reflects increasing concerns that achieving quantum advantage could trigger severe vulnerabilities for current crypto ecosystems unless advanced protections are implemented promptly.
Blockchain/ProjectQuantum Security ApproachTarget/TimelineTronPost-quantum cryptography on testnetMainnet upgrade when neededBitcoin$15 million for quantum security research (Strategy consortium)OngoingEthereumProposal to migrate accounts to quantum-resistant cryptographyUnder reviewAlgorandPlan for quantum-resistant accountsBy 2027Recent coverage in various industry publications highlights ongoing debates and discussions regarding the practical implications of quantum-secure technologies for major cryptocurrencies.
Tron is set to be one of the few major blockchains that is quantum-resistant before Q-Day, as Sun says the team is ready to deliver quantum resistance to the mainnet at any time.
Algorand [ALGO] rallied by more than 17% in the past 24 hours, leading gains among the top 100 cryptos by market cap. This surge has brought its total gains to over 41% in the past 30 days.
This rally is irrespective of Bitcoin [BTC] developing weakness as its price trades at $82,600. ALGO’s selective rally was as a result of fundamentals, technical upgrades to its code, and network activity. Here is how:
Why did Algorand crypto rally so hard today? Algorand launched its post-quantum roadmap in June this year, putting the chain on track toward a resilient 2027.
As per the roadmap, PQ multisig and hybrid LogicSig accounts are being executed as planned for Q4. Thus, the chain was ready for any threat, whether it came in a few months or years, with 1.6 million post-quantum transactions already completed.
As a result, Algorand’s network activity also heightened as it supported AI agent payments through Coinbase’s x402. USDC on Algorand led x402 payments at $390.4K, followed by USDC on Base at $378.3K.
Most of Algorand’s volume came last week.
Source: Token Terminal One fundamental reason was the appointment of a new CEO, William Herkelrath, who brought 20 years of experience in blockchain infrastructure. William has previously served as the Chief Revenue Officer at Curv before joining Chainlink [LINK] in another leadership role.
Moreover, ALGO has also been enjoying regulatory clarity since March as the SEC treats it as a digital commodity rather than a security. This ruling applies to many other cryptos, but can ALGO sustain the resurgence?
Is the rebound the start of an ALGO comeback? Following this sudden uptick, Algorand broke above a bull flag, hinting at potential continuation. The correction began on the 28th of September, when most cryptos printed this year’s peaks.
The rebound saw buying pressure, with the CVD showing a maximum of 17.28 million ALGO longed during the day. To keep the altcoin surging, the price needs to stay above the pattern.
Numerically, ALGO should trade above $0.13 to keep it bullish, with the next target at $0.19. However, $0.14 has been a resistance for far too long, that is, since the start of 2026.
Source: ALGO/USDT on TradingView However, overlaying the RSI Divergence, a bearish signal appears, indicating potential profit-taking after the uptick. From that, it could hint that a short-term correction may follow this breakout.
Final Summary Algorand rallies over 17% following a technical upgrade to its code, a new CEO appointment, and a surge in AI payments. ALGO broke from a bull flag on the 4-hour chart for a continuation but faces this year’s resistance at $0.14.
Algorand (ALGO) was worth about $0.133 on September 29, 2026. That is 16% more than the day before, and 72% more than six weeks ago. Two pieces of news explain the sudden interest. In late August, the network switched on an upgrade that protects its users’ accounts against future quantum computers. Then, on August 31, a new boss arrived: William Herkelrath, a Chainlink veteran, tasked with winning over banks and asset managers. Usage is following: 677,000 active wallets in August, 29.6% more than in July. One question remains: is the market really buying Algorand, or simply riding a broad crypto rally?
In Brief On September 29, 2026, ALGO traded at about $0.133, up 16% in 24 hours and 72% over six weeks, with trading volume tripling, according to data relayed by KuCoin. The v5.0.0 upgrade, activated in late August, lets any user create an account protected against quantum computers; 1,800 such accounts have already been created and 1.24 million transactions made in three weeks. William Herkelrath, formerly of Chainlink, has run the Algorand Foundation U.S. since August 31; he replaces Staci Warden, in the job for nearly five years. What is an account protected against quantum computers? Today, a crypto account is protected by a secret key that current computers cannot guess. The problem: quantum computers, still experimental, could one day break that protection. Algorand has therefore added to its network a type of account that uses a new kind of signature, Falcon-1024, selected and validated by NIST, the US body that sets computer-security standards. A quantum computer could not break it.
That is what version 5.0.0 of Algorand’s software delivers, published on August 16 and activated about a week later, after a 90% approval vote by the network’s validators. The theme is not new for Algorand: as we noted during an earlier accumulation phase, the network has been promoting its security for years without the price following. It has used Falcon since 2022 to seal its history, and completed a first transaction of this kind in 2025. The difference this time: anyone can create such an account, with no complicated tooling.
The team itself remains cautious :
“Algorand isn’t fully quantum secure yet, and we’re about a third of the way there,” John Woods, the Foundation’s chief technology officer, told CCN in an interview in April 2025. The roadmap published in June 2026 plans further steps by year-end, then in 2027.
The upgrade also changes how fees are calculated: simple transactions still cost the same, but those that make the network work harder pay more. And it doubles the maximum size of smart contracts, the programs that run on the blockchain, letting developers build more complex applications. According to the Foundation’s August monthly report, 1,800 quantum-protected accounts had been created and 1.24 million such transactions made between August 20 and September 7.
A new boss from Chainlink to win over banks On September 9, the Algorand Foundation U.S., the organization that steers the network’s development, announced in a press release the arrival of William Herkelrath as chief executive officer, in the role since August 31. He replaces Staci Warden, who had led the Foundation for nearly five years; the release does not say what she will do next.
Herkelrath brings twenty years of experience in artificial intelligence, enterprise software and finance. He worked at Chainlink, one of the crypto projects most used by large companies, and at Curv, a firm specializing in the secure custody of digital assets. He also joins the board, where two members, Rebecca Rettig and Michael Mosier, step down. His mission fits in two words: institutions and security.
“Algorand is a leader in decentralized post-quantum cryptography, the network has a unique opportunity to become a trusted partner to financial institutions” he says in the release.
In other words, quantum protection becomes the number-one selling point to banks, a field where Algorand wants to stand out from Ethereum and Solana.
Is the network really being used more? Yes, if you look at the number of users. The Foundation’s August report counts 32.9 million transactions in the month and 677,000 active wallets, 29.6% more than in July, with 534,000 new wallets created. On the staking side, meaning the ALGO users lock up to secure the network and earn rewards, 2.02 billion tokens are immobilized, 80.6% of them by the community. Rewards paid out in August reached 6.74 million ALGO.
No, if you look at the money deposited. The total value placed in the network’s applications, its TVL, tops out at $67 million. That is very little: by comparison, the largest networks hold several tens of billions. Stablecoins, the dollar-pegged cryptocurrencies that serve as everyday money, weigh only $43 million on Algorand, slightly down. The network is gaining users, not yet capital.
One new use is drawing attention: payments made by AI agents, autonomous programs that buy data or services without human intervention, through a protocol called x402 that Algorand is promoting. In August, 615,000 such payments took place, for a total of $174,000, or 28 cents on average. Lots of small transactions, which matches the intended use, but still anecdotal amounts.
A rise driven by the market as much as by Algorand Those 72% need context. Since mid-August, alternative cryptocurrencies as a whole, the “altcoins,” have gained 33%, according to data relayed on September 29 by KuCoin News, and Bitcoin reclaimed its highest levels since January in late September. A good part of ALGO’s rise therefore comes from the tide lifting all boats.
Traders’ indicators also show an asset that has risen fast, perhaps too fast: volumes tripled in a single day, and the RSI, which measures the strength of a move, signals an overbought zone, where pullbacks are common. ALGO also has a habit of stalling at its resistance levels, the price points where sellers take back control.
One last element is regulatory. On September 26, the SEC, the US markets regulator, clarified that maintaining and improving a network that already works is not enough to make its token a security. Several networks, including Algorand, hope to benefit, and the clarification fed a market narrative on September 28 around “compliant US tokens.” But the SEC did not name Algorand, and this should not be read as a decision about it.
Two upcoming dates will bring clarity. The Foundation’s September report, expected in early October, will show whether the new users stay after the launch effect. And the new CEO’s first announcements will show whether the institutional promise turns into signed contracts. Until then, an asset that gained 72% in six weeks can fall just as fast as it rose.
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According to HTX market data, as Bitcoin and the broader crypto market pull back, some altcoins continue their strong rally. Key 24-hour performance and current prices: MET (Meteora) up 60% to $0.5; W (Wormhole) up 17.8% to $0.0163; ALGO (Algorand) up 16.6% to $0.1377; JUP (Jupiter) up 16% to $0.379; RAY (Raydium) up 13.3% to $2.46; STRK (Starknet) up 12.3% to $0.056; CRV (Curve) up 10.9% to $0.388.
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@Algorand's consensus layer grew more decentralized on October 6, 2026, as active validator nodes reached 1,562, marking a new seven-day high. Network telemetry tracked by @Chainspect put the week-on-week increase at 0.39%, up from the prior weekly peak of 1,556 recorded on September 29.
A Steady Climb in Validator Participation The incremental gain continues a broader trend of expanding participation on the network. The October 6 figure of 1,562 reflects a consolidation within that range, with the network sustaining a materially larger validator base than it held just two years prior.
Stake distribution has also shifted meaningfully toward the community.
Why Validator Count Matters for Pure Proof of Stake
Adding more independent operators therefore reinforces both the security and the censorship-resistance of the chain without requiring changes to its core architecture.
The latest validator milestone is a small but consistent data point in Algorand's ongoing effort to distribute control of its consensus layer more widely across the global operator community.
Algorand [ALGO] surged to a high of $0.14 as the X402 challenge brought about new demand for the asset. With Algorand’s role in AI agent payment capturing market attention, buyers rushed to capitalize.
However, the move turned short-lived, mostly driven by speculative activity, thus resulting in a pullback. Algorand got rejected at $0.14, effectively failing to sustain the uptrend.
As a result, ALGO fell to a low of $0.12, at press time, down 10% on the daily charts. Over the same period, the altcoin’s Spot trading volume fell 28% to $224, suggesting reduced market activity as investors moved to the sidelines.
Algorand faces intense selling pressure ALGO fell as the speculation that had previously driven its rise faded as quickly as it appeared. As a result, some investors became risk-averse; others flipped bearish entirely and rushed to exit.
On the derivatives side, the altcoin’s Open Interest (OI) dropped 20% to $76 million while the derivatives volume fell 67% to $129 million as of writing.
Source: Coinglass When OI and volume drop in tandem, they have often suggested reduced market activity and lack of risk appetite. As such, traders closed their positions, both short and long.
Historically, lower speculative activity has had two short-term impacts on the market. First, the price volatility reduces and prices drops.
On the spot side, sellers turned even more aggressive. When the price rose, holders rushed and took profit extensively.
Source: Coinalyze Coinalyze data showed that the sell volume jumped to 423 million. At the same time, the Spot Buy Sell Delta dropped to -264 million, suggesting that sell orders were mostly executed over this period.
With sellers dominating on both sides, the structure weakens and often leads to more losses.
Can ALGO price withstand the pressure? Algorand is currently experiencing significant pressure to the downside. Notably, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) made a bearish crossover and dropped to 64 at the time of writing.
The RSI’s drop indicated that sellers strengthened their positions while buying pressure plunged.
Source: TradingviewThat said, if the bearish pressure continues at the current pace, Algorand will lose $0.12 support and fall to $0.11 again.
However, if the sell-side pressure cools down, the RSI indicates there’s a likelihood for a reversal. Moreover, for a reversal, the altcoin must see a daily close above $0.13.
Final summary Algorand faced rejection at $0.14, dropping 10% to a local low of $0.12. ALGO plunged driven by intense selling pressure as speculation faded, and investor sentiment flipped risk-off.
Validator Count Reaches New Weekly HighThe @Algorand network hit a new weekly peak of 1,556 active validators as of September 29, 2026, according to data from Chainspect. That represents a 0.19 percent increase in participating nodes week over week, a modest but continued upward move in a metric that carries real weight for network security and resilience.
The milestone builds on a broader trend. The new September figure pushes that benchmark higher still.
A Broader Push Toward DecentralizationThe rising validator numbers are the product of deliberate network design.
That accessibility, combined with staking incentives introduced under the Algorand 4.0 protocol upgrade, has driven consistent validator growth throughout 2026.
With the count now at a fresh weekly high, $ALGO continues to build the case that its decentralization story is more than just optics.
Sources:
Algorand August 2026 Insights Report, Algorand Foundation
Algorand Price Rally Boosted by Institutional Deal and Milestone, The Cryptonomist
Algorand Network Overview, Algorand Foundation
Stablecoin Supply and DeFi Activity Pick UpFresh on-chain data points to a meaningful uptick in activity across @Algorand. The stablecoin market cap on the network rose 12.66% over the past week to $45.22M, with $USDC accounting for nearly 96% of that total supply.
DeFi total value locked (TVL) on the chain climbed 5.13% in 24 hours to $38.42M, reflecting a broader trend of capital re-engaging with the network after softer months through mid-2026.
DEX Volume Surges, Folks Finance Leads LendingDecentralized exchange activity has seen a sharp rebound. DEX volume on Algorand jumped 70% week-on-week to $6.46M, a notable acceleration that suggests traders are becoming more active on-chain.
Folks Finance, the leading lending protocol in the Algorand ecosystem, added further momentum. Its TVL rose 13.77% over the same seven-day period, according to DeFiLlama data. The protocol has expanded beyond Algorand as well, with a cross-chain lending product covering networks including Avalanche, Ethereum, and BNB Smart Chain.
Taken together, the data paints a picture of renewed momentum on Algorand: stablecoin supply is growing, DEX traders are returning, and the network's primary lending protocol is attracting fresh capital. Whether these weekly gains translate into a sustained trend will depend on broader market conditions and continued developer activity on the chain.
Sources:
DeFiLlama: Algorand Stablecoins Market Cap
DeFiLlama: Folks Finance TVL
Algorand Foundation: August 2026 Algo Insights Report
Algorand [ALGO] jumped 14.36% to $0.1344 over 24 hours as trading volume surged 225.35% to $290 million, reflecting robust participation in its recovery.
The move coincided with Algorand’s x402 Challenge nearing its deadline, which brought fresh attention to its role in AI-agent payments.
The stronger trading activity and renewed ecosystem attention together accompanied ALGO’s push toward the $0.1400 resistance zone.
Beyond the market activity, Algorand’s x402 Challenge provided another component behind the improving ecosystem attention. Particularly, the initiative focused on applications using x402 for machine-to-machine payments together with automated digital services.
Reportedly, developers could build pay-per-request applications where AI agents purchase resources without the traditional subscription models. The resources could involve APIs, data, compute capacity, and other digital services.
Top traders lean heavily toward longs The derivatives market highlighted a clear bullish picture as ALGO approached its next key resistance.
At the time of reporting, Binance top traders registered 67.27% long accounts against 32.73% in short accounts. The distribution accordingly resulted in a 2.06 Long/Short Account Ratio.
HTX market participants also maintained a bullish tilt, although their positioning appeared less aggressive compared to Binance top traders.
In fact, the long accounts accounted for 60% on HTX, compared with 38.7% for the shorts, bringing its Long/Short Ratio to around 1.55.
Both the exchanges, therefore, highlighted larger traders favoring long exposure as ALGO’s recovery unfolded. Crucially, Binance displayed a stronger imbalance, adding weight to the broader bullish positioning outlook.
Source: Long/Short Accounts on CoinGlass Whale dominance cools from recent highs At reporting time, ALGO’s whale-versus-retail delta remained positive at 0.23, indicating that whale activity still outweighed retail participation during the recent rally.
The delta, however, had retreated noticeably after reaching much higher levels the previous 2 days. The decline, therefore, introduced caution around the ALGO’s otherwise strengthening market structure.
Notably, whales still maintained an advantage over the retailers, but their relative dominance no longer matched the recent peaks.
A renewed whale dominance could strengthen support for another leg higher, but a continued decline could instead leave the rally increasingly reliant on broader market participation.
Source: Whale vs. Retail Delta on CoinGlass Can ALGO turn $0.1400 into support? Algorand’s rapid price recovery brought the token directly below $0.1400 resistance, a level that previously capped upside attempts. The most recent weekly candle reached $0.1362 after buyers drove the rebound from the $0.0772 support.
Reclaiming the $0.1400 resistance would matter more than simply testing it, and a weekly close above this barrier could flip resistance into support.
Notably, the RSI indicator strengthened to 62.93 during the price expansion, placing buyers firmly above the neutral area. The indicator also remained below the 70 threshold, leaving room before conditions hit the overbought territory.
Volatility also began returning, with ATR stabilizing around $0.0187. The price advance could produce wider price swings around the resistance test.
In case buyers successfully reclaim the $0.1400 level as support, Algorand could extend toward the $0.1785 zone. A rejection would instead keep the breakout unconfirmed and expose the rally to a near-term correction.
Source: ALGO/USDT Weekly Chart on TradingView Final Summary Algorand’s x402 Challenge added an AI-payments catalyst as ALGO rallied 14%. ALGO could target $0.1785 only if buyers successfully flip $0.1400 into support.
For the second time since September 2025, the Algorand [ALGO] token price has surpassed its 20-week moving average. The first time was a week ago, and this week has started well.
ALGO crypto is up nearly 16% for the day, with a daily trading volume explosion of 204% and an Open Interest surge of 43%. Interest in altcoins over the month has been strong, with the altcoin market cap [including Ethereum] up 33% since the second week of August.
Source: Coinalyze Though the spot CVD was rising to show steady spot demand, the funding rates had fallen into negative territory. This presented a short-term problem for ALGO crypto bulls.
The negative rates suggested the short trade was overcrowded, which pointed to short-term bearish expectations due to overextended market conditions. On the other hand, further price moves higher can liquidate these short sellers, resulting in a squeeze.
Which way is ALGO crypto poised to go in the long term? Source: ALGO/USDT on TradingView A 72% rally in six weeks was a sign of intent, as was the price move back above the 20-week moving average. Yet, the price structure has been bearish since July 2025. The swing structure broke bearishly in late 2025 and has not been flipped since.
A weekly session close above $0.1456 would confirm a bullish swing structure reversal. If the buyers can achieve this, their next price target would be $0.336, the July swing high that is 150% higher than current market prices.
Algorand challenges May highs, but price action resembles a range The high volumes signal confidence that, if sustained, will make this move viable. However, there was a profit-taking threat to contend with.
Source: ALGO/USDT on TradingView The trend on the daily timeframe is bullish. So are the volume indicators and the overbought RSI reading. Yet, if ALGO crypto can not breach the $0.1396 swing point, it would signal a range formation in play.
In that case, instead of a breakout past $0.14 and the weekly swing high of $0.145, a retreat to $0.108 would become the next move to watch.
Final Summary Algorand prices rallied 16% in a day, even as Bitcoin faced a correction that pushed its price below $84k on the day. The relative ALGO strength was encouraging, but there were two key overhead resistance levels to watch for a breakout to confirm a recovery.
Injective announced in an official post that its cumulative number of transactions has surpassed 3 billion, outperforming major blockchains including Avalanche and Algorand. Over the past 30 days, Injective added more than 42 million new transactions.
Most blockchain founders come from finance or software. Silvio Micali (@silviomicali) comes from a different place entirely: he helped lay the mathematical foundations of modern cryptography itself.
A Turing Award Before a Blockchain Micali is a professor at MIT and one of the most decorated figures in computer science.
Central to that recognition was a concept the two co-invented: zero-knowledge proofs. In practical terms, it lets one party prove that a statement is true without disclosing any of the underlying data. The technique is now a cornerstone of privacy-preserving technology across the industry.
A VRF produces a random number plus a cryptographic proof that anyone can verify, and that cannot be faked or manipulated after the fact.
How Those Inventions Power Algorand The network was built around the very tools he spent decades developing.
Critically, the selection is private: a node only reveals it has been chosen when it acts, making it nearly impossible for adversaries to target the upcoming proposer in advance.
The result is a network whose design flows directly from its founder's academic career: decades of cryptographic research, distilled into a consensus mechanism.
Only a few days after launching native quantum accounts after the Algorand v5.0.0 upgrade, Pera Wallet has helped Algorand cross 1,000,000 post-quantum resilient transactions.
What's behind the number A significant share of the quantum transaction volume is coming from Pera's commemorative NFTs, signed using FALCON signatures, a NIST-selected post-quantum signature scheme, earned by connecting a quantum account and checking how many post-quantum transactions it's sent. There are three tiers: 1, 100, and 1,000 transactions. Each tier unlocks its own 3D collectible (3D support is a new feature within the recently released Pera 7).
Try it yourself To learn more about native PQ accounts and how to create one, follow these steps:
Open Pera Wallet and click your account in the upper left corner Tap + to add an account, then select “Add Quantum Account,” and name it That’s it. If you already have an account you want to continue using? You can rekey that one instead and keep your same address and history.
Once you have a quantum account, it works just like any other account for signing transactions. That includes minting an ASA, which counts toward the total and comes out post-quantum resilient, with no extra setup needed.
Create a quantum account, participate in post-quantum transactions, and claim your NFTs.
Questions about quantum accounts in Pera? Learn more here.
Disclaimer: The content provided in this blog is for informational purposes only. The information is provided by the Pera Wallet LDA and while we strive to keep the information up-to-date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the blog or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in the blog for any purpose. The content of this blog is not intended to be legal, financial, or investment advice nor is it an endorsement, guarantee, or investment recommendation. You should not take any action before conducting your own research or consulting with a qualified professional. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. All companies are independent entities solely responsible for their operations, marketing, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Pera Wallet is developed and operated by Pera Wallet LDA, an entity independent of the Algorand Foundation. References to Algorand refer to the Algorand protocol and ecosystem and do not imply that the Algorand Foundation develops, endorses, or is responsible for Pera Wallet, its features, this content, or any related promotions.In no event will Pera Wallet LDA nor any affiliates be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect, or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this blog. Through this blog, you may be able to link to other websites which are not under the control of the Pera Wallet. We have no control over the nature, content, and availability of those sites. The inclusion of any links does not imply a recommendation nor endorse the views expressed therein. Any statements about future plans, integrations, or protocol upgrades are forward-looking and subject to change.
This blog contains forward-looking statements regarding planned post-quantum protocol upgrades, product releases, and timelines, including the introduction of native post-quantum accounts, post-quantum multi-signatures, treasury migration, and continued progress toward full protocol quantum resilience. These statements reflect Pera Wallet LDA’s current expectations and are subject to change as development progresses, as research in post-quantum cryptography evolves, and as external standards (including those of NIST and other standards bodies) develop. Actual results, timing, and scope may differ. Pera Wallet LDA undertakes no obligation to update these statements except as required.
Algorand's x402 payment service has crossed a significant milestone, with the @AlgoFoundation reporting that its mainnet operation has now processed 2.02 million transactions totalling $295,500 in volume from 1,097 unique payers. The figures average out to roughly $0.29 per payment, with each payer settling approximately 920 times.
The GoPlausible facilitator, which handles verification and settlement for the network, lists 144 merchants and 142 providers currently operating on Algorand-native rails.
What x402 actually does x402 is an open payments standard built on a long-dormant HTTP status code.
GoPlausible's role in the ecosystem
The milestone arrives as Algorand's Global x402 Challenge remains active.
Sources
Algorand Foundation: Introducing the GoPlausible x402 Facilitator
Algorand Foundation: x402 Unlocking the Agentic Commerce Era
GoPlausible x402 Facilitator
Across India, developers are experimenting with a new question in AI and Web3: What happens when software can pay for the services it needs?
AI agents are becoming increasingly capable of taking actions on behalf of users. They can search for information, call APIs, analyze data, generate code, plan trips, and coordinate multiple services.
But there is still a missing piece: how does an agent pay for the things it needs? This is where x402 comes in.
x402 is a payment protocol designed for internet-native transactions. It allows services to request payment as part of an API or HTTP interaction, creating a way for software to pay for software without relying on traditional accounts, subscriptions, or manual checkout flows.
Recent Algorand hackathons gave Indian builders an opportunity to experiment with this idea through working prototypes. Hundreds of developers participated across events, building everything from AI-powered recruitment and autonomous travel to research platforms, disaster response, coding services, and financial controls for AI agents.
What makes these projects interesting is not simply that they use blockchain payments.
They show different ways payments could become part of an AI agent's workflow.
Here are some of the projects that caught our attention.
1. Agents are becoming customers One of the clearest patterns across these builds is the idea that an AI agent can become a customer of another service.
Instead of a person choosing a service, paying for it, and using it, an agent can decide that it needs a particular capability, make the payment, and continue its task.
🥇 BlockHacker AI-powered recruitment with pay-per-use resume analysis
Built at NexVerse, BlockHacker created an AI-powered Applicant Tracking System where resume analysis becomes a paid API service.
A user pays $0.50 USDC through x402, and the system verifies the on-chain payment before running its AI analysis through Groq. Each request can be processed independently, creating a simple pay-per-use model.
The interesting part is the pricing model. Instead of requiring a subscription for an occasional task, an AI capability can become a service that users pay for exactly when they need it.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/47564
🥈 AgentPay by Argo Operators Giving AI agents a way to pay for AI services
Argo Operators built AgentPay, an x402-powered AI payment router that allows agents to pay for AI requests in USDC.
The system can route prompts to AI providers while tracking settlements, budgets, and provider performance.
As AI agents become better at choosing which tools and services to use, payments become part of the workflow. AgentPay explores the infrastructure needed to make those transactions possible.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/47552
🥈 VoyaAI An autonomous travel agent that can pay for the services it uses
VoyaAI uses Algorand x402 micropayments to purchase real-time travel services, build itineraries, and dynamically replan trips.
Travel is a natural example of agentic commerce. An AI agent planning a trip may need multiple services along the way, from information and recommendations to travel-related services.
VoyaAI explores what that experience could look like when the agent can handle those transactions itself.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/47553
🥉 CareerVolt Six AI agents working across the career journey
CareerVolt brings together six specialized AI agents covering job matching, resume analysis, career roadmaps, job-market insights, interview preparation, and an AI copilot.
The platform uses Algorand x402 to offer these capabilities as pay-per-request services.
Rather than treating AI as one large bundled product, CareerVolt explores a model where individual capabilities can become independently accessible and monetizable services.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/47554
2. Agents need to buy information The opportunity goes beyond AI assistants buying consumer services.
Agents also need access to information.
Datasets, APIs, research tools, real-time information, and specialized software can all become resources that an agent needs to complete a task.
🥇 Research Swarm An AI research platform that can pay for the resources it needs
Built at CodeRush 2.0, Research Swarm takes a research project from an initial idea through literature review, data collection, analysis, drafting, citations, and refinement.
Its agents can use Algorand x402 to access paid research tools, datasets, APIs, and academic resources.
This creates an interesting machine-to-machine payment model.
When an agent needs a particular resource, it can access the service and handle the associated payment as part of the research workflow.
The payment is no longer a separate step performed by a human. It becomes part of the task itself.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/48018
🥈 Suraksha Setu Helping disaster-response agents access real-time data
Suraksha Setu combines disaster simulation, resource tracking, route planning, and dynamic rerouting into a disaster-response platform.
Its agents can use Algorand x402 to access and pay for external real-time data.
That means the system can bring additional information into its decision-making process while keeping the payment flow automated.
The project highlights a practical use case for machine-to-machine payments. When software needs information from an external service, access and payment can happen programmatically.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/47620
🥉 Yukti: Intelligence That Sharpens Code A coding agent that can pay for other AI services
Yukti is a model-independent coding harness that uses AST and CFG-based repository intelligence to identify relevant code context.
It then verifies and self-corrects generated code inside a sandbox. Its agentic endpoint uses Algorand x402 for paid AI-to-AI access to coding services.
This points toward another possible model for developer tools.
A coding agent doesn't have to perform every task itself. It can call another specialized service, pay for that capability, receive the result, and continue its workflow.
In this model, AI systems can become both service providers and customers.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/48019
3. If agents can spend, they need rules Giving agents the ability to pay introduces another problem.
How much should an agent be allowed to spend?
And perhaps more importantly:
What should an agent be allowed to buy?
As agents move from making recommendations to taking actions, developers will need ways to define budgets, permissions, transaction limits, approved services, and human approval requirements.
Several builders are already exploring this layer.
🥇 ContractLens Contract analysis as a pay-per-use AI API
ContractLens lets users upload a contract, pay $0.50 USDC on Algorand TestNet through x402, and receive a structured AI-generated risk report.
Each request is verified on-chain before the analysis is delivered, with no signup or subscription required.
It demonstrates a straightforward pay-per-use model for an AI service. A user has a specific need, pays for that request, and receives the result.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/47565
🥈 MandateGuard Giving autonomous agents rules for how they spend
MandateGuard focuses on the financial control problem around autonomous agents.
The platform validates payment requests against budgets, transaction limits, approval rules, and spending restrictions before execution. x402 and Algorand provide the payment flow and an auditable transaction record.
This becomes increasingly important as agents gain the ability to spend on behalf of users or organizations.
The question is no longer only whether an agent can make a payment.
It is whether that payment is allowed.
MandateGuard puts those controls directly into the payment workflow.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/47574
🥉 Agent Spend Policy Engine A programmable spending boundary for AI agents
Agent Spend Policy Engine lets administrators define transaction limits, daily budgets, approved services, and approval requirements for autonomous agents.
Payment requests are checked before execution. Approved payments can settle through x402 on Algorand, while suspicious requests can be blocked or routed for human approval.
It explores an important piece of infrastructure for an agentic economy: giving software the ability to spend while keeping humans in control of the boundaries.
DoraHacks: https://dorahacks.io/buidl/47562
Three patterns emerging from these builds Looking across these projects, a broader picture starts to emerge.
1. AI capabilities can become paid services BlockHacker, ContractLens, and CareerVolt show how individual AI capabilities can be exposed as services and monetized on a pay-per-use basis.
Instead of putting everything behind a monthly subscription, a service can charge for a specific action.
2. Agents can become buyers VoyaAI and Research Swarm explore a different shift.
The customer doesn't always have to be a person.
An AI agent can need a dataset, API, research tool, travel service, or specialized AI capability. If that service has a price, the agent needs a way to pay for it.
This creates the possibility of machine-to-machine commerce, where software can discover, purchase, and consume services as part of completing a task.
3. Autonomous spending needs guardrails MandateGuard and Agent Spend Policy Engine highlight the other side of the equation.
If agents can spend money, developers need to define what they can spend, how much they can spend, which services they can access, and when a human needs to approve a transaction.
Payment infrastructure and policy infrastructure therefore become closely connected.
The bigger idea: an economic layer for AI The most interesting thing about these projects is not any single application.
It's the design space they open up.
An AI agent doesn't have to be limited to generating an answer.
It can:
access a dataset
call an API
purchase a specialized capability
retrieve real-time information
use another AI model
pay for compute or infrastructure
coordinate with other services
And each of those interactions can have an economic layer.
This changes the role of payments.
Today, payments are usually something that happens after a human makes a decision.
In an agentic system, payment can become part of the decision-making loop:
Need a service → discover the service → make a payment → receive the result → continue the task
That's the bigger opportunity behind x402.
Not simply making payments programmable, but making economic interactions programmable.
The question for builders is no longer just: What can an AI agent do?
It's also: What would an AI agent be willing to pay for?
Take your build further The projects coming out of these hackathons are early experiments, but they point toward a much larger opportunity.
If you built one of these projects, the next step is turning the prototype into something people can actually use and pay for.
If you weren't part of these hackathons, you can still build.
Start with a simple question:
What is a service an AI agent would actually pay for?
Who is the customer?
What problem does the service solve?
Why would someone, or eventually an agent, pay for it repeatedly?
And how does x402 make that transaction easier to execute?
The strongest ideas will need more than a working payment flow.
They'll need a reason for someone, or something, to pay.
Build with x402 The x402 Global Challenge is an opportunity to take these ideas further and build applications, services, and agentic experiences around programmable payments.
Bring your idea. Build the product. Put it in front of real users.
Learn more about the x402 Global Challenge: https://algorand.co/global-x402-challenge
Explore the builds Want to see what other builders are creating?
Explore the full submissions from these hackathons on DoraHacks and discover more projects experimenting with x402 and Algorand.
Explore the submissions: https://dorahacks.io/hackathon/algobharat-regional-hack/buidl
Disclaimer: The content provided in this blog is for informational purposes only. The information is provided by the Algorand Foundation and while we strive to keep the information up-to-date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the blog or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in the blog for any purpose. The content of this blog is not intended to be legal, financial, or investment advice nor is it an endorsement, guarantee, or investment recommendation. You should not take any action before conducting your own research or consulting with a qualified professional. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. All companies are independent entities solely responsible for their operations, marketing, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In no event will Algorand Foundation nor any affiliates be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect, or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this blog. Through this blog, you may be able to link to other websites which are not under the control of the Algorand Foundation. We have no control over the nature, content, and availability of those sites. The inclusion of any links does not imply a recommendation nor endorse the views expressed therein. Any statements about future plans, integrations, or protocol upgrades are forward-looking and subject to change. The use of agentic commerce involves risks, including potential fraud and identity verification issues. Users and merchants should ensure they are using verified agents and follow best practices for security and compliance.
MEXC has completed a migration of its $RIO token reserves from the Algorand blockchain to Ethereum, swapping holdings at a 1:1 ratio. The move, confirmed through Realio Network’s official channels on September 14, 2026, is part of a broader recovery process the project has been managing following an unspecified incident affecting its reserves.
The new token now lives at Ethereum contract address 0x94a8b4EE5CD64C79D0Ee816f467EA73009f51aA0, verifiable on Etherscan. For anyone wondering whether their holdings survived the crossing, that address is the definitive reference point.
What actually happened here Realio Network is a real-world asset tokenization platform, meaning it helps bring traditionally illiquid assets like private equity and real estate onto public blockchains.
$RIO functions as the network’s utility and gas token. Since its initial launch in March 2023, $RIO has operated across multiple chains simultaneously, including Ethereum, Algorand, and Stellar, giving users flexibility in where they hold and transact the token.
The migration MEXC executed is not the exchange acting unilaterally. Realio Network directed the move, and MEXC followed through on its end by converting the Algorand-based holdings to the new ERC-20 version at a ratio that leaves holders with exactly what they started with, numerically speaking.
This is not the first time MEXC has navigated a $RIO chain transition. In late 2024, the exchange handled a similar contract swap for $RIO on Binance Smart Chain, also at 1:1, without disrupting trading.
As of the latest communications from Realio Network, no broader disruption to $RIO trading on MEXC has been reported. The project has indicated that further recovery steps will be announced through official channels.
Why Ethereum, and why it matters Moving from Algorand to Ethereum is not a lateral shuffle. Ethereum is, by most measures, the dominant chain for tokenized real-world assets, with more mature infrastructure, more extensive developer tooling, and a larger user base than almost every competing network.
The shift also simplifies the asset management picture for an exchange like MEXC. Maintaining reserve balances across multiple chains introduces operational complexity, and consolidating toward Ethereum reduces the number of moving parts to monitor during a recovery period.
Realio Network’s multi-chain architecture has always been a feature rather than an afterthought. The project launched in March 2023 with explicit support for several blockchains, recognizing that different user bases gravitate toward different ecosystems.
What to watch from here The immediate practical implication for $RIO holders on MEXC is straightforward: holdings are preserved at the same numeric value, just on a different underlying chain.
The more interesting question is what “additional recovery steps” from Realio Network actually entail. The project has been deliberate about not over-communicating on the nature of the original incident, and has stated it will keep users updated through official communications.
Disclosure: This article was edited by Editorial Team. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.
Algorand (ALGO) is attempting a fresh recovery as buyers defend a pivotal support zone, with technical patterns indicating the potential for further gains. Market analysts have pointed to the emergence of a double-bottom formation around recent price levels, suggesting a possible shift in momentum if buyers maintain their position.
Key Support and Resistance Levels Shape ALGO’s RecoveryALGO has established support near a crucial horizontal level, where buyers are actively stepping in. The cryptocurrency has rebounded from its August lows of approximately $0.07300 and continues to trade above the 20-period moving average, widely considered a bullish technical indicator.
The price currently sits at $0.09277, slightly above the Bollinger Bands middle band of $0.09198. Maintaining this level could sustain ALGO’s multi-week recovery, whereas a breakdown may trigger a reversal in sentiment.
A key area of resistance remains at $0.10037. A strong breakout above this point could validate the double-bottom reversal structure and open a path toward higher price targets, such as $0.1250. Conversely, failure to overcome this resistance may result in extended consolidation.
Technical indicators point to a potential pause in momentum. The MACD’s signal line has a slight edge over the MACD line at 0.00237 versus 0.00209, indicating a small bearish crossover. This subtle signal suggests that ALGO may enter a consolidation phase before any fresh breakout attempt.
Traders are closely watching whether ALGO remains above $0.09198. A loss of this support could shift focus toward the lower Bollinger Bands boundary at $0.08359.
The price is currently trading at $0.09277, above the Bollinger middle band at $0.09198, with the $0.10037 level acting as strong resistance and $0.08359 serving as key support.
LevelValueSupport 1$0.09198 (Bollinger mid-band)Support 2$0.08359 (Bollinger lower band)Resistance$0.1003720-period MAAbove current priceTrading Volume Drops, Open Interest Remains SteadyData from derivatives analytics platform Coinglass shows ALGO’s 24-hour volume dropped by 32.08% to $28.21 million, signaling weaker trading participation. Despite the decrease in volume, open interest has hovered at $50.84 million, indicating that traders have largely maintained their positions.
This dynamic could be important if ALGO attempts to breach the $0.10037 resistance. If higher volume accompanies a breakout, it may reinforce bullish demand. Conversely, a rejection amid low volume may confirm the prolonged consolidation phase.
VersaBank Pilots Tokenized Deposits on AlgorandThe Algorand ecosystem has received additional attention from a partnership with VersaBank, a Canadian financial institution currently piloting Real Bank Tokenized Deposits (RBTDs) on public blockchains. This development aligns with efforts to establish a regulatory framework for tokenized bank deposits in Canada, positioning Algorand as an enabler of advanced financial infrastructure.
VersaBank’s pilot aims to commercialize tokenized deposit technology by integrating with public networks like Algorand. Success in this initiative could drive broader adoption and strengthen Algorand’s role in digital banking solutions.
Mini dictionary: VersaBank – A Canadian federally regulated schedule I chartered bank, known for its digital-first banking solutions and pilot projects in tokenized financial products.
Overall, ALGO’s near-term outlook relies on the ability to hold above $0.09198 and advance past $0.10037. Failure to sustain current levels may expose ALGO to further downside toward $0.08359, while a successful breakout could validate the bullish double-bottom pattern on the chart.
Algorand, a blockchain known for its focus on scalable and secure financial applications, introduced native Falcon-1024 quantum-resistant accounts on its mainnet in August. While Algorand’s move signals progress toward quantum safety, experts pointed out that the network’s transition is not yet complete since many critical elements still rely on Ed25519 cryptography, which is not quantum-secure.
Quantum security initiatives on Algorand and RippleFalcon-1024, a post-quantum signature scheme, underpins Algorand’s recent efforts. State proofs have incorporated the algorithm since 2022. With the v5.0.0 upgrade, support for Falcon-1024 accounts was officially activated around August 20 this year.
In the first several weeks following activation, users created approximately 1,800 Falcon-powered quantum-resilient accounts, which processed over 1.2 million transactions. These accounts coexist with traditional Ed25519 accounts, and transactions using Falcon-1024 carry higher network fees—three times the minimum compared to classic accounts. Algorand Foundation’s current roadmap points to 2027 for broader quantum resilience, including post-quantum VRFs (Verifiable Random Functions) and consensus mechanisms.
Mini dictionary: Falcon-1024 is a post-quantum digital signature algorithm developed to withstand quantum computer attacks that could compromise widely used cryptographic schemes.
An Algorand user named Todd acknowledged on community channels that while two core post-quantum components are functional, the most challenging segment—consensus and network-wide implementation—remains a work in progress. Algorand currently leads in deploying post-quantum (PQ) accounts, but the transition across the full protocol stack is still ongoing.
BlockchainQuantum-Resistant Accounts LiveMain Consensus StatusFull Network PQ TargetAlgorandYes (since Aug. 2023)Partly (Ed25519 still used)2027Ripple (XRPL)NoNot yet post-quantum2028EthereumNoNot yet post-quantum2029 (estimated)Ripple’s broader audit and roadmapRipple, the company behind XRP Ledger (XRPL), is also prioritizing quantum security. Ripple is funding research by Project Eleven to examine various aspects of security, including validation, custody, networking, and wallet technology instead of focusing solely on account signatures. Ripple’s planned roadmap includes hybrid quantum-classic testing around 2027, aiming for full post-quantum readiness by 2028. This timeline is a contributor-provided estimate and has not been ratified as an official amendment on the XRPL site.
A feature of the XRP Ledger called RegularKey allows users to rotate signing keys without changing their account address, making key management more flexible if large, post-quantum signature schemes are adopted. XRPL developers have experimented with ML-DSA and Dilithium (both post-quantum candidates) on AlphaNet, but production deployment is still pending.
Mini dictionary: ML-DSA and Dilithium are advanced cryptographic signature schemes designed to be secure even if quantum computers become powerful enough to break today’s standard public-key cryptosystems.
While Algorand boasts early adoption of quantum-resistant accounts, Ripple focuses on conducting comprehensive security reviews before rolling out similar updates to mainnet. Ethereum, another major blockchain, maintains a public timeline around 2029 for its own quantum resistance measures.
Debate among blockchain communities has shifted from which project first discussed quantum resilience to which ones are actually upgrading signatures, consensus, and validator software ahead of future quantum computing threats.
Security implications and industry outlookExperts have emphasized that quantum risk revolves around the potential for “harvest now, decrypt later” attacks, where malicious actors collect public keys today and only decrypt assets once quantum hardware becomes available. Deploying Falcon-powered accounts closes part of that risk window, but consensus mechanisms built on elliptic curve cryptography remain vulnerable.
The distinction between Algorand and XRPL’s approaches lies in implementation: Algorand has prioritized early access and transaction counts for Falcon-based accounts, whereas XRPL’s strengths include audit breadth and key-rotation flexibility. Both projects continue to work toward full post-quantum readiness, but neither has completed the migration at the consensus layer.
Industry analysts believe that full quantum resistance across blockchain protocols is still several years away. Collaboration between projects may ultimately accelerate robust, sector-wide upgrades.
Until protocols move consensus and signature schemes to post-quantum cryptography, networks remain vulnerable, regardless of advances in wallet security.
Algorand Foundation U.S. Inc announced on Sept. 9 that William Herkelrath has been appointed chief executive officer of Algorand, succeeding Staci Warden, who is stepping down after nearly five years leading the layer-1 network. Herkelrath, who officially assumed the role on Aug. 31, joins as the network sharpens its focus on institutional adoption and post-quantum resilience, according to an announcement the foundation published.
From Chainlink and Curv to the corner office Herkelrath brings roughly two decades of experience across artificial intelligence, enterprise software, institutional finance and blockchain infrastructure. He most recently co-founded K3 Labs, an AI-first automation platform for building and running AI agent-managed workflows, and previously held leadership roles at Chainlink and Curv. “I joined Algorand because they are a leader in decentralized post-quantum cryptography,” Herkelrath said. “With both AI and quantum threats on the horizon, Algorand has a unique opportunity to become a trusted partner in bringing verifiable and trusted security to a wide variety of institutions.”
Board reshuffle and a post-quantum bet Alongside the leadership transition, Algorand announced changes to its board of directors. Herkelrath and Alex Fowler, chief strategy officer at Nexus Laboratories, are joining the board, while Rebecca Rettig and Michael Mosier are departing. The appointment arrives as Google’s Quantum AI paper cited the network more than 30 times as a key innovator, post-quantum accounts are already live, and the network has pioneered the use of verifiable random functions backed by a large ephemeral validator set.
A broader institutional push Warden framed the handoff as the culmination of the foundation’s work proving what a public blockchain can do for real-world finance. “Leading the Algorand Foundation has been one of the great privileges of my career,” Warden said. “William brings the vision and experience to lead Algorand through its next chapter.” The change keeps Algorand’s existing leadership team in place and extends a push into institutional finance that has already seen the network partner with Microsoft and CDP Venture Capital’s Frontech accelerator, as it positions itself for the next generation of digital assets and cybersecurity infrastructure. The network’s ecosystem spans startups, developers, governments and global partners building real-world financial and digital-asset tools, a base the foundation expects to expand under the new leadership.
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XRPL validator Vet recently challenged claims that Algorand has achieved full quantum safety, emphasizing that post-quantum security requires a multi-layer approach beyond just account protection. While Algorand has indeed made significant progress, experts caution that its core consensus mechanisms still incorporate cryptographic elements that could be vulnerable to advanced quantum computing in the future.
Algorand advances but faces consensus challengesAlgorand introduced Falcon-based post-quantum signatures in State Proofs starting in 2022, enhancing security for historical ledger confirmations. In August 2026, the network activated native Falcon-based post-quantum accounts on its mainnet, providing users with an additional layer of protection for account operations.
Despite these steps, the Algorand network retains some reliance on cryptographic components that are not yet quantum-resistant. Its Verifiable Random Function, a crucial part of the consensus committee selection, currently uses elliptic-curve cryptography. Additionally, consensus messaging relies on Ed25519 signatures, which could be compromised by a sufficiently powerful quantum computer.
Algorand has announced plans to research a post-quantum Verifiable Random Function in early 2027 and aims to achieve comprehensive quantum resilience across the network by the end of that year, signaling that its journey to full security is ongoing. Therefore, claims about complete quantum-readiness remain premature.
Algorand leads in deploying quantum-secure accounts, but its consensus infrastructure remains a work in progress, while Ripple and XRPL are focused on a wider spectrum of system-wide updates and testing.
Ripple’s roadmap and system-wide evaluationRipple has partnered with Project Eleven to conduct a thorough assessment of the XRPL ecosystem, including validators, custody solutions, wallets, and the underlying network architecture. Ripple’s roadmap targets full post-quantum security by 2028 but encompasses more than just wallet signatures. The company is actively testing hybrid post-quantum signing, evaluating validator performance, workload capabilities on Devnet, and a prototype for quantum-secure custody.
These tests account for the impact of larger signature sizes, additional storage requirements, and throughput effects. The evaluation is expected to precede any proposal for native amendments that would upgrade the blockchain’s core protocols.
Project Eleven reported the collaboration will involve a comprehensive audit of all relevant XRPL layers and the production of working code with real-world performance benchmarks. Previous research by Project Eleven had already been detailed in Coinpaper.
A noteworthy advantage for XRPL users is the native key rotation feature, allowing holders to change their signing keys without moving assets to a new account. Ripple maintains that this could make the eventual migration to upgraded cryptographic standards more straightforward compared to networks that require manual asset transfers for such changes.
In line with technical monitoring, analysts previously found roughly 300,000 XRPL accounts holding nearly 2.4 billion XRP had not yet revealed their public keys, a factor that could lower quantum-related risks for these accounts in the future.
Post-quantum readiness remains gradualBoth Algorand and Ripple are taking incremental steps toward achieving full quantum resistance. While Algorand currently offers quantum-secure accounts and continues to update its consensus process, Ripple is coordinating full-stack testing before deployment. The nuanced nature of these upgrades underlines that “quantum-ready” is not defined by a single milestone but rather by progress on wallet technology, consensus signatures, custody infrastructure, and the cryptographic primitives underlying each step.
Industry-wide, the approach to digital asset custody and ownership is evolving in parallel. While many legacy markets depend on complex broker systems, Wall Street has started turning its attention toward Web3. Increasingly, investors are managing shares of leading U.S. companies, gold, and silver directly through crypto wallets with platforms such as 1stepSwap. These solutions tokenize real-world assets and execute trades at the best market prices in seconds, removing intermediaries from the process and simplifying access for users.
XRP traded near $1.43 on Thursday, reflecting a daily drop of about 1% to 2% and marking a decline of over 50% compared to the same period last year.
How the Debt Algorand Standard Application (D-ASA) - awarded 2nd place in the global ACTUS Competition 2026 - turns the financial industry's contract standard into machine-readable and executable, tokenized debt instruments, and why that should change how banks, payment agents, and transfer agents look at the AVM. Debt is one of the largest asset classes on the planet. And every debt instrument - every bond, loan, mortgage, and term deposit - is, at its core, a deterministic promise for the exchange of future cashflows: these amounts, on these dates, to these parties, under these conventions.
Yet the operational reality of that promise is anything but deterministic. The lifecycle of a single bond is scattered across the issuer's books, the paying agent's systems, the transfer agent's registry, custodians' ledgers, and the CSD - each holding its own copy of the truth, each reconciling against the others, forever. The contract is an algorithm; the operations around it are documents, spreadsheets, and settlement queues.
Two things had to happen for that to change; one belongs to the finance standards, the other belongs to the technology. The first already did: ACTUS open standard made financial contracts machine-readable. The second is what this post is about: the Algorand Virtual Machine (AVM) makes them machine-executable.
This is precisely what D-ASA - the Debt Algorand Standard Application sets out to explore: a personal side-project and proof-of-concept tokenization framework for ACTUS-compliant debt instruments issued and executed on the AVM, recently awarded second place in the 2026 global ACTUS competition promoted by the ACTUS Foundation. This post walks through what it demonstrates, how it touches on the entire debt value chain (issuance, KYC, primary distribution, secondary trading, payments, oversight), and why the design choices (asynchronous settlement trackers, native atomic DvP, post-quantum-secured history) map so naturally onto how regulated finance actually operates.
ACTUS: financial contracts as algorithms If you work in traditional finance, you may already know ACTUS (Algorithmic Contract Types Unified Standards). Born out of the post-2008 push to make financial risk transparent and computable, ACTUS reduces most financial contracts to a defined taxonomy of 32 generalized cash-flow exchange patterns, called contract types. ACTUS “discovers” and formalizes the fundamental “notes” that compose any “financial symphony”.
The insight behind ACTUS is simple and profound: a financial contract is not prose; it is a function. Feed it a set of contract attributes (principal, rate, day-count convention, payment cycle, maturity), and it deterministically produces the full schedule of state transitions and cash flows. Same inputs, same answer, for the issuer, the investor, the risk manager, and the regulator alike.
That made ACTUS excellent for what it was designed for: normalization, simulation, valuation, and risk analysis. But ACTUS stops at the model boundary. It tells you what should happen. It doesn't move money, transfer ownership, or enforce a covenant.
ACTUS solved standardization. Execution was still an open problem. And execution is precisely what a deterministic, replicated state machine - a blockchain VM - is for.
The AVM as the execution layer of ACTUS D-ASA's pipeline is one line:
A debt instrument is defined through standard ACTUS contract attributes. The D-ASA SDK then normalizes the contract into AVM-native structures, preserving ACTUS semantics while respecting AVM constraints:
ISO 8601 timestamps become UNIX seconds; floating-point quantities become fixed-point integers; the event schedule is generated off-chain and persisted on-chain in pages; the supported debt families are normalized into one common execution model. These are the touching points to mount the financial standard into the execution environment, and they are explicit and documented: time format, numeric precision, and fixed-point arithmetic. Everything else is ACTUS as specified.
The normalized terms, initial contract state, and schedule are uploaded through the contract's ABI, and from that point the AVM ACTUS Kernel takes over: it validates that each event is legal for the configured contract type, applies due events, transitions the contract state deterministically, and emits AVM events as proof of every applied transition.
That last point deserves emphasis, because it is the sentence that makes reconciliation teams sit up:
The ACTUS schedule defines what should happen. AVM execution events prove what did happen, leveraging Algorand’s post-quantum protected history to ensure long-term integrity
When the contract definition, the lifecycle state, the ownership registry, and the payment evidence all live in one deterministic machine with instant finality, "reconciliation" stops being an industry and becomes a database read.
The whole value chain, encoded (not just a token) Many tokenization projects mint a token and stop. In many earlier approaches, “tokens” were pointers to off-chain paper contracts (at most a prospectus URL in the token metadata) rather than on-chain execution of the contract. D-ASA takes a full RWA tokenization approach: if you own the contract (the token), you own the cashflows (not just a pointer to a paper with a promise of a traditional wire transfer). D-ASA encodes the operating model of a debt instrument. The framework is built from five modules: RBAC, ACTUS Kernel, Accounting, Payment Agent, and Transfer Agent; assembled into a single Algorand standard application, and its role-based access control reads like the org chart of a real issuance:
Role Responsibility on-chain Arranger
Configures the instrument, uploads the schedule, executes issuance (IED), assigns roles Account Manger Opens holder accounts, the natural seat for KYC providers and onboarding banks (whitelisting) Primary Dealer Reserves units during primary distribution (which can be integrated with primary market applications like auctions, etc.) Trustee Controls the contract's default/performance flag (or any other trusted operation, if needed) Authority Can suspend the contract or individual accounts (regulatory intervention) Observer Applies rate-reset events based on observed external data feed (indexes, covenant breaches, etc.) Op Daemon Optional permissionless automation executor for payment workflows Investor accounts are equally realistic. Each holder is identified by a holding address (which owns the units, possibly a custodian or an order book) and a payment address (which receives the cash flows, always the lender's rail). Custody and entitlement are separated exactly the way they are in the real world.
Even settlement is bilingual: cash flows can settle on-chain (a stablecoin) or off-chain in ISO 4217 currency, in which case the state machine still approves payment conditions and notarizes the amounts and timestamps of what was settled off-chain. That means D-ASA doesn't demand a big-bang migration: a payment agent can keep its existing rails and still gain a shared, machine-verifiable golden record.
Issuance, KYC and whitelisting, onboarding, primary distribution, secondary transfers (within configured transfer windows), payments, servicing, and supervisory controls: one contract, one interface, one single source of truth.
Scaling cash flows: fund once, settle lazily Here is where the design gets genuinely interesting for engineers.
The naive way to pay a coupon on a tokenized bond is to loop over every holder and push a transfer: N holders, N transactions, and a stalled loop if any single transfer fails. That doesn't scale, and worse, it doesn't match how payment operations actually work.
D-ASA does something smarter. The kernel maintains global cumulative interest and principal indices for the whole contract, regardless of the fractional ownership (if any). Each holder position, on the other hand, carries lightweight asynchronous trackers: checkpoints of the last applied indices, a settled-event cursor, and claimable balances.
The cash-flow lifecycle then splits into two independent operations:
fund_due_cashflows(...) processes due ACTUS cash events contract-wide, once - a single operation regardless of whether the bond has ten holders or a hundred thousand; claim_due_cashflows(holding_address, payment_info) settles one holder position: it computes the delta between the global indices and the account's checkpoints, multiplies by the holder's units, moves the result into claimable interest and principal, and pays out. If the on-chain payment is executable, the transfer happens immediately. If it isn't - say the account is suspended - the claimable balance simply remains reserved for a later attempt. Nothing blocks, nothing loops, no position is ever computed until someone actually touches it.
This is asynchronous settlement by construction, and it mirrors operational reality: the payment agent funds the coupon on the pay date; holders and custodians claim their entitlements at their convenience. Funding is O(1) in the number of holders, claims are independent and parallel, and there is no mutable on-chain "nominal unit value" to update across the book - transfers and claims are purely unit- and index-based. This is the settlement architecture you would design for a distributed system, applied to fixed income.
DvP as a protocol primitive Delivery-versus-payment is the heart of securities settlement, and entire market infrastructures exist to approximate it. On Algorand, it isn't an approximation.
Algorand atomic transaction groups are a base-layer primitive: a group of transactions either all execute, or none do. A D-ASA DvP is simply a group containing a delivery leg (the Transfer Agent moves units) and a payment leg (any Algorand transaction, in any asset - not restricted to the denomination or settlement asset). No escrow contract, no hashed-timelock choreography, no settlement window.
The delivery leg and the payment leg succeed together or fail together. There is no principal settlement risk to either party during the exchange.
Combine that with Algorand's instant finality - no probabilistic settlement, no reorgs, no fails-to-deliver - and both primary placement and secondary OTC trades settle atomically, with terms negotiated freely between the parties. T+2 becomes T+one-block (2.5 seconds, instantly final).
It's Python. (And TypeScript.) To a decision maker, the question after "what does it do" is "what does it cost to build on". This is where the AVM quietly wins.
D-ASA's smart contracts are written in Algorand Python - real, typed Python compiled to AVM bytecode - organized into the five modules above. The AVM is equally programmable in native TypeScript. There is no bespoke contract language to hire for; the two most widespread languages in fintech engineering are first-class citizens.
Defining a real instrument looks like this: the same fixed-coupon bond the project's CLI demo issues (€10,000 principal, 2.00% nominal rate, 90-day coupon cycle):
from d_asa import (
Cycle,
make_pam_fixed_coupon_bond_profile,
normalize_contract_attributes,
)
# 1. Define the instrument as an ACTUS contract (PAM fixed-coupon bond)
attributes = make_pam_fixed_coupon_bond_profile(
contract_id=1,
status_date=today,
initial_exchange_date=issuance_date,
maturity_date=maturity_date,
notional_principal=principal, # EUR 10,000.00
nominal_interest_rate=0.02, # 2.00%
interest_payment_cycle=Cycle.parse_cycle("90D"),
interest_payment_anchor=first_coupon_date,
)
# 2. Normalize ACTUS semantics into AVM-safe structures
normalized = normalize_contract_attributes(
attributes,
denomination_asset_id=eur.id,
denomination_asset_decimals=eur.decimals,
notional_unit_value=minimum_denomination,
)
# 3. Deploy, upload the schedule, and run the lifecycle on-chain
From there, the high-level DAsa API exposes role-oriented wrappers (arranger, account manager, dealer, trustee, authority, observer, holder) plus holder tools for valuation, actualized positions, transfers, claims, and building OTC DvP groups.
And because the contracts ship an ARC-56 application specification, typed clients are generated, in Python and TypeScript alike. This is the point the ACTUS pedigree makes powerful: ACTUS is a well-defined taxonomy, so one normalized interface can both issue and analyze any contract in the covered families. A wallet, custodian, or analytics vendor integrates once and supports every instrument that speaks the interface - the exact opposite of today's world, where every issuance platform is a bespoke integration project.
D-ASA currently covers the fixed-income class of the ACTUS taxonomy (PAM, ANN, NAM, LAM, LAX, and CLM), which spans bullet bonds, term deposits, mortgages, level-payment annuities and leasing, adjustable-rate mortgages, amortizing loans, teaser-rate loans, and callable loans. The same normalization-and-kernel pattern extends across the rest of the taxonomy.
The developer loop is equally short: AlgoKit, a local network, end-to-end lifecycle tests, and a one-command showcase:
git clone [email protected]:cusma/d-asa.git && cd d-asa && ./d-asa run
That command issues fixed-coupon and zero-coupon bonds on a local Algorand network and walks their full lifecycle (issuance, distribution, coupons, maturity), leaving every transaction explorable in a local block explorer. From zero to a running ACTUS instrument in minutes.
Built for instruments that outlive cryptographic eras (aka post-quantum) A 30-year mortgage issued today matures in 2056. A transfer agent's records obligations, a custodian's audit trail, a trustee's evidence of default handling - these must remain verifiable on a horizon where today's elliptic-curve signatures are not guaranteed to survive quantum computing (as Google and Coinbase reports noted early this year).
This is where Algorand offers something traditional workflows can uniquely appreciate: State Proofs and transactions signed with Falcon, a lattice-based, quantum-resilient signature scheme. Algorand's chain history is post-quantum protected - and every financial lifecycle event, every coupon payment, every transfer lands in that history. The immutable log of the instrument is not just tamper-evident today; it is designed to still be provable decades from now, with post-quantum protections an active and expanding area of the protocol's development.
Moreover, D-ASA contract roles (e.g., arranger, bondholders, etc.) can be implemented with Algorand’s native post-quantum accounts (authorizing actions with Falcon signatures.
For banks, payment agents, custodians, and transfer agents whose regulatory retention periods are measured in decades, that is not a crypto-native curiosity. It is the difference between a blockchain audit trail you can cite in 2045 and one you can't (see Algorand post-quantum roadmap for further details).
What this changes for capital markets Pulling it together, for each seat at the table:
Issuers and arrangers get programmable issuance, standardized deployment, and enforceable lifecycle execution; with operational roles (and their limits) encoded in the contract itself. Token holders get tokenized positions with unambiguous entitlements, transparent payment history, and atomic settlement that removes principal settlement risk on the on-chain exchange. Payment and transfer agents get an execution and evidence layer that matches their actual workflows: fund globally, scale settlement, notarize off-chain legs (instead of fighting them). Risk managers get continuity between the model and the market: the same ACTUS terms that feed analytics engines are the terms the live contract executes. Deterministic cash flows - when, how much, to whom - with no model-versus-reality gap. The market gets what ACTUS always promised, extended to operations: less fragmentation between definition, execution, and reconciliation and a cost base low enough to make smaller issuances, and entirely new markets, economically viable.
From "model the contract" to "run the contract" ACTUS took financial contracts from prose to algorithms. D-ASA shows that the AVM can take them from algorithms to running systems - with instant finality, native atomic DvP, scalable asynchronous settlement, institutional role separation, and a post-quantum-protected audit trail and authorizations, programmed in the languages your teams already write.
The standard no longer stops at simulation. Run it yourself:
Code: github.com/cusma/d-asa — then ./d-asa run Documentation and specification: cusma.github.io/d-asa The ACTUS standard: actusfrf.org
Disclaimers D-ASA is a personal project developed by an Algorand Foundation employee. D-ASA has not been designed, developed, or reviewed by the Algorand Foundation. D-ASA is maintained at best effort by its creator. The views expressed in this blog are the author's own and do not necessarily represent the views or positions of the Algorand Foundation.
The content provided in this blog is for informational purposes only. The information is provided by the Algorand Foundation and while we strive to keep the information up-to-date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability with respect to the blog or the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in the blog for any purpose. The content of this blog is not intended to be legal, financial, or investment advice nor is it an endorsement, guarantee, or investment recommendation. You should not take any action before conducting your own research or consulting with a qualified professional. Any reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk. All companies are independent entities solely responsible for their operations, marketing, and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. All third-party brands and trademarks are the property of their respective owners, and their mention does not imply affiliation or endorsement. In no event will the Algorand Foundation nor any affiliates be liable for any loss or damage including without limitation, indirect, or consequential loss or damage, or any loss or damage whatsoever arising from loss of data or profits arising out of, or in connection with, the use of this blog. Through this blog, you may be able to link to other websites which are not under the control of the Algorand Foundation; the inclusion of any links does not imply a recommendation nor endorse the views expressed therein. Any statements about future plans, integrations, or protocol upgrades are forward-looking and subject to change.
XRP Ledger (XRPL) developers have announced a plan to achieve full quantum resistance for the network by 2028, placing XRP Ledger ahead of several major blockchain rivals pursuing the same milestone. The move was confirmed by Vet, a contributor at the XRPL Foundation and validator on the decentralized Unique Node List (dUNL). Vet outlined that significant advancements are expected by 2027, including the initial deployment of new security protocols through a hybrid system.
XRPL’s technological strategy and key featuresThis newly revealed timeline positions XRPL as a front-runner in the race to secure blockchains against the potential threat of quantum computing, with its projected transition set for one year before Ethereum‘s scheduled 2029 upgrade.
Developers have highlighted three critical architectural innovations underpinning the XRPL quantum security transition. First, the native key rotation feature will enable cryptographic keys to be updated without changing users’ existing r-addresses. This secure and seamless transition is expected to minimize confusion and operational risks for asset custodians. In contrast, most competing blockchains require users to manually transfer assets to new wallets when adopting post-quantum standards.
Second, XRPL and RippleX developers have established a “Quantum-Day” emergency response protocol. In the event of rapid advances in quantum computing threatening current cryptographic schemes, this protocol allows vulnerable accounts to be instantly isolated and secured without interrupting the overall functioning of the ledger.
Third, the network has already begun actively testing quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms. Developers intend to roll out new security measures gradually, using a hybrid deployment that runs alongside existing protocols. This approach aims to ensure robust protection while maintaining the stability of the network during the transition phase.
Mini dictionary: Unique Node List (dUNL): A decentralized list of trusted validators used in XRP Ledger to ensure agreement on the true state of the network and maintain consensus securely.
Significant enhancements in quantum-resistant security are anticipated by 2027, which will see the launch of a hybrid deployment model operating alongside the network’s existing security structure. This aims to allow a smoother transition and scalability for users and custodians alike.
Competition with Algorand, and comprehensive XRPL auditThe race for quantum resistance has brought renewed focus on comparisons between XRPL and Algorand. Algorand recently announced the development of quantum-secured accounts utilizing Falcon-1024 signatures, a cryptographic scheme resistant to attacks by quantum computers. However, Vet cautioned the community against overestimating this achievement, pointing out that Algorand still primarily depends on the Ed25519 standard for most routine operations. Full integration of quantum-resistant technologies, including the consensus protocol, is not scheduled for completion until 2027.
Mini dictionary: Falcon-1024: A post-quantum digital signature algorithm designed to remain secure against quantum computer attacks.
NetworkQuantum Protection StartFull Quantum Protection TargetCurrent Key StandardXRP Ledger2027 (Hybrid Phase)2028Native key rotationEthereum–2029To be upgradedAlgorandIn progress2027Falcon-1024 (partial), Ed25519Meanwhile, the scope of Ripple’s Project Eleven includes a thorough security audit of XRP Ledger, covering components from validator nodes to the underlying network infrastructure. The audit is part of a broader initiative to validate and update every layer of security before the mainnet’s transition to quantum resistance.
Ripple’s rollout plan features a staged approach, beginning with comprehensive testing. A hybrid deployment of legacy and post-quantum signatures is planned for 2027, leading to a full upgrade in 2028 for the mainnet environment.
As part of its industry-leading strategy, XRP Ledger’s transition roadmap incorporates hybrid cryptographic solutions, system-wide audits, and responsive emergency protocols designed to protect user assets in the face of rapidly evolving quantum technology threats.
A New Chief for AlgorandThe Algorand Foundation has appointed William Herkelrath as its new chief executive officer, the @AlgoFoundation announced on September 9.
Warden was appointed CEO in February 2022 and oversaw a significant period of development for the network, including the foundation's relocation from Singapore to the United States earlier this year.
Board Changes and Strategic Direction
The $ALGO token was trading at around $0.10 on the day of the announcement, up modestly on the day, according to market data.
Sources:
Algorand Foundation Official Press Release via PRNewswire
CoinDesk: Algorand names William Herkelrath CEO as Warden steps down
Not financial or tax advice. PANews content is strictly educational and informational and is not investment advice, financial advice, tax advice, legal advice, or a solicitation to buy or sell any digital asset, security, or financial product. Do your own research and consult qualified advisers.
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Algorand has appointed William Herkelrath, a former executive at Chainlink, as its new chief executive officer. The move signals a deliberate pivot toward someone with deep roots in both oracle infrastructure and institutional crypto services, two areas that matter quite a lot if Algorand wants to grow beyond its current footprint.
Herkelrath previously served as Head of Business Development at Chainlink, the dominant on-chain data network, before moving to Curv, a digital asset custody firm that was later acquired by PayPal. He subsequently co-founded K3 Labs, a blockchain development and consulting outfit.
[EDITOR’S NOTE: This article cannot be published as written. The central premise is factually wrong. According to the research, William Herkelrath has not been appointed CEO of the Algorand Foundation. As of September 2026, Staci Warden remains the confirmed CEO of the Algorand Foundation, and there have been no official announcements regarding Herkelrath’s appointment to any role at the foundation. Herkelrath’s current role is CEO of K3 Labs. Publishing this article would spread misinformation. The article should be retracted and rewritten to accurately reflect that Staci Warden leads the Algorand Foundation, while incorporating the verified facts about the Delaware headquarters re-establishment, board expansion including Bill Barhydt, the post-quantum security roadmap targeting end-2027, and the AC2 protocol for AI agents.]
Disclosure: This article was edited by Editorial Team. For more information on how we create and review content, see our Editorial Policy.
Project World is continuously optimizing its front-end UI, with user deposits secure and transactions functioning normally.
World, a full on-chain prediction market in the Solana ecosystem, announced in a post that its website is currently experiencing high traffic, with over 1 million users accessing the platform. User deposits remain secure, platform transactions are executing normally, and backend systems are operating as expected. The team is continuing to optimize the frontend user interface, and the overall operation of the platform is in good condition.
18 minutes ago
Iranian officials announced that Iran will escalate its crackdown operations in response to U.S. attacks.
Iranian officials have stated that Iran will escalate its retaliatory strikes in response to the U.S. attack. (Jinshi)
18 minutes ago
US Treasuries extended their decline after the repurchase announcement, with the market viewing the $6 billion cap as insufficient.
The U.S. Treasury Department said it will purchase between $40 billion and $60 billion in long-term government debt in the first operation of its expanded repurchase program, demonstrating Secretary Bessent’s resolve to curb the recent rise in borrowing costs. U.S. Treasuries extended their earlier decline following the announcement, indicating the program’s size fell short of some investors’ expectations. The success of the expanded purchase program remains to be seen. After the program was first announced last month, yields fell before rebounding later. The benchmark 10-year yield hit its highest level since 2023 last week. Economist Guha, a former staffer at the New York Fed, noted: “The challenge always lies in whether the impact of these interventions can persist without larger fundamental changes.” Moreover, the maximum size of the repurchase operation does not mean the Treasury will necessarily purchase that amount of Treasuries. However, in repurchases targeting long-term nominal debt, the department typically buys the full amount; since the program was relaunched in 2024, it has only failed to do so in two of 52 such operations. (Jinshi)
18 minutes ago
Eric Trump mocks Joe Biden’s son Hunter Biden over the botched launch of the LAPTOP token, saying he should go back to painting.
US President Donald Trump’s second son Eric Trump reposted a post about the meme coin LAPTOP’s sharp price crash after its launch, commenting: “Hunter should go back to painting.” His remarks target Hunter Biden, son of former US President Joe Biden, who launched the meme coin LAPTOP. The reposted post notes that LAPTOP plummeted 98% within minutes of going live, adding that the project had originally planned to allocate a portion of its tokens to users who incurred losses from TRUMP-related transactions.
18 minutes ago
Solana ecosystem prediction market World officially launches, opening to over 1 million waitlist users.
Solana ecosystem full on-chain prediction market World announced that its independent platform World.xyz has officially launched, with over 1 million users on its waitlist. The platform offers thousands of markets spanning sports, cryptocurrency, politics, finance, economics, and culture, covering all NFL regular seasons, 7 soccer leagues, F1 races, the 2026 U.S. midterm elections, and Federal Reserve interest rate decisions. Since integrating Phantom in July, World has launched more than 150,000 markets. Each market on the platform consists of "Yes" and "No" contracts, priced between $0 and $1, and settled using Phantom’s U.S. dollar stablecoin CASH. Technically, World leverages Chainlink Data Streams and Chainlink Runtime Environment to provide market data and automated settlements, reducing manual intervention and dispute resolution wait times. Prediction markets for stock price movements, gold, silver, oil, natural gas, computing power, and weather will be rolled out sequentially.
18 minutes ago
Bubblemaps: 80% of LAPTOP traders are losing money, with two traders suffering losses ranging from $100,000 to $1 million.
Bubblemaps posted that profit and loss data for LAPTOP traders shows roughly 80% of participants are in the red, describing the token’s market performance as a "bloodbath". Specifically, two traders lost between $100,000 and $1 million, 100 lost over $10,000, 700 lost more than $1,000, and around 11,000 traders posted small losses. Bubblemaps did not further disclose the statistics’ time frame or the scope of the wallet sample used.
Network Hits Monthly Peak on a Weekend@AlgoFoundation recorded its highest daily transaction volume of the month on Sunday, with the network processing over 876,000 transactions in a single day. The figure marks a new milestone for the period and is notable given that weekend sessions typically bring reduced activity across digital asset markets.
According to verified data from Chainspect, Algorand maintained a consistent throughput of more than 10 transactions per second (TPS) throughout the day. Holding that rate over a full weekend session runs counter to the liquidity contractions that tend to suppress on-chain activity across the broader market during those periods.
Context: A Network Built for High ThroughputThe result fits a broader pattern of growing network utilisation.
On the infrastructure side, the network has also been expanding its validator base.
Sunday's reading of 10-plus TPS reflects real demand rather than benchmark conditions, making it a more meaningful signal of network health.
Sources:
Chainspect: Algorand TPS and Network Stats
Algorand Foundation: June 2026 Algo Insights Report
Most proof-of-stake blockchains demand that validators lock up their tokens as collateral. @Algorand takes a different approach, one where the native token never leaves the holder's wallet.
How the selection process works The mechanism behind this is a cryptographic lottery run on every block.
This privacy is a deliberate security feature:
Rather than leaning on financial penalties to enforce good behaviour,
Rewards, thresholds, and options for smaller holders
@Algorand has passed 500,000 post-quantum signed transactions on its mainnet, marking a concrete milestone in the network's multi-year push to harden its infrastructure against future quantum computing threats.
Two sources, one milestone The count draws from two distinct categories. The first is State Proofs, which to protect the historical integrity of the chain. The second is a newer set of transactions from native post-quantum accounts, which went live more recently. Together, they pushed the total past the 500,000 mark.
The upgrade, which
What comes next on the roadmap
The broader roadmap targets multisig and consensus-level quantum resilience by the end of 2027.
adding urgency to the transition. Algorand's early positioning in this space has drawn attention, with
Algorand Hits Weekly Transaction PeakThe Algorand network recorded a localized surge in activity on August 31, processing over 584,000 transactions in a single 24-hour window, according to @AlgoFoundation. The figure represents the busiest day on the network within the prior seven-day period, pointing to a meaningful short-term uptick in on-chain demand for the $ALGO-powered layer-1 blockchain.
While a single-day reading does not on its own signal a structural shift, it sits against a backdrop of steadily rising cumulative activity. Total transactions on the network rose to 3.64 billion as of June 2026, with node participation increasing by nearly 3% month-over-month. The network has added users and validators at a consistent pace throughout the year, and daily spikes of this kind tend to reflect bursts of activity tied to specific applications or ecosystem events.
Broader Activity Trends Support the MomentumThe single-day figure is consistent with a wider pattern of growing engagement on Algorand in 2026. USDC transacted volume on the network rose by more than 72% month-over-month to approximately $751 million in June, the highest monthly level recorded in the first half of 2026. Algorand also reported 1.8 million new smart contract deployments in a recent quarter, a 25.7% increase.
Builder activity has been a consistent contributor to on-chain volume. Builder activity saw a sharp recovery in May, with contracts deployed rising 47% and new asset creation more than tripling from April. Algorand's real-world asset ecosystem processed more than 23.2 million tokenized asset transactions during the second quarter, underscoring that the network's growth is tied to actual usage rather than speculation.
On the regulatory front, the network has also gained a clearer footing in the United States. In March and April 2026, both the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission jointly categorized $ALGO as a digital commodity. This official recognition removed significant compliance hurdles that had previously kept many large investors on the sidelines.
The August 31 transaction spike adds another data point to what has been a year of building momentum for the Algorand network, even as token price has lagged behind on-chain fundamentals.
Sources:
Algorand Foundation: June 2026 Algo Insights Report
Crypto Briefing: Algorand Sees 1.8M New Contract Deployments
Cryptonomist: Algorand Price Rally and Institutional Milestone
This is Part 4 in a series of posts looking at the wide variety of new capabilities for developers in the Algorand 5.0 upgrade. If you missed the earlier parts, read them now:
Part 1: Salt - cryptographic capabilities
Part 2: Fat - Fatter apps and transactions
Part 3: Acid - Safety with more flexibility
Part 4: Heat - Cooking with simulate Algorand has a special ability in algod that every chef would envy: the ability to cook a transaction to see how it will turn out, but without actually cooking it. Simulate, a special REST endpoint on the node, can evaluate a transaction as it would be when submitted to the mempool and return rich information about how it was processed, including references required, errors, and fee requirements.
Simulate simulate simulate Our guidance for developers is simply to leverage simulate as much as practicable and certainly not hard-code anything related to fees.
The driving force behind this guidance comes from a few things:
The minimum fee is not going to be enough for all “normal size” transactions anymore because the type of signature now matters, and transactions with PQ signatures will cost more than the protocol’s minFee. Simply using getSuggestedParams from the /v2/transactions/params endpoint will no longer provide your application with sufficient information to prepare transactions successfully. You now need to know if the account for which you are preparing the transaction(s) will be using a PQ signature.
Larger apps made possible by this upgrade will require additional references, which can be gleaned from a simulate response.
Future protocol upgrades may start to put the currently informational CongestionTax value into action to charge fees above minFee. Transactions will need to be simulated against the current state of the chain, including its degree of congestion, to know accurately what fee will be required.
The way to leverage simulate to have the best experience in your application is to use empty signers together with the allow-empty-signatures option to learn actual resource usage across the group to calculate required fees: total = ceil(min-fee * group-usage / 1,000,000).
This means constructing realistic, unsigned transactions but including the type of signature that will be included once they are signed. With this information, simulate can tell your application what fees are required, pooled across the group, and final adjustments can be made before collecting signatures.
Wallet-dApp Information Sharing On Algorand 5.0, the happy path for simulate will be to identify that an account is Ed25519 or PQ and then simulate. This is a new requirement in the ecosystem, which has always been able to assume that users have Ed25519 accounts, as that was all there was. Going forward, apps may need to collect this account type information from transaction signers… somehow.
For example, imagine the following workflow: A user with a PQ account in their mobile wallet connects it to a DeFi protocol in their desktop browser through WalletConnect. At some point, the DeFi app needs to find out that the user has a PQ account that requires higher fees. If the app does not ask this account type question before simulating the transaction group, it may succeed in simulate but fail when actually signed with a PQ signature and submitted to a node.
In order for this to be more automated, we foresee a need for new messaging standards between wallets and apps, with different approaches for browser extensions vs. mobile apps. Several long-standing ARC standards involving transactions and signing may need to be revisited and updated for this Post-Algorand 5.0 era in which signatures and fees work quite differently than they have since Algorand’s inception.
Some of the standards that might need to be revisited include, but are not limited to:
ARC-1 Algorand Wallet Transaction Signing API (needs PQ signature support)
ARC-5 Wallet Transaction Signing API (Functional) (inherits from ARC-1)
ARC-25 Algorand WalletConnect v1 API (inherits from ARC-1)
ARC-56 Extended App Description (assumption about innerTxn cost)
ARC-59 ASA Inbox Router (update fee mechanics)
ARC-60 Algorand Wallet Arbitrary Signing API (only considers Ed25519 signatures)
ARC-90 URI scheme (makes assumptions about fee mechanics)
We welcome community input in (re)designing the right abstractions for Algorand’s PQ future and invite developers to join the arcs channel in the Algorand Discord server to discuss issues you are facing and potential solutions. We will also be discussing technical standards and ecosystem migration efforts in our Developer Council meetings, to which you may request an invitation in Discord.
Disclaimer: The content provided in this blog is for informational and educational purposes only. The information is provided by the Algorand Foundation and while we strive to keep it accurate and current, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about its completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability, or availability for any purpose. Nothing in this blog is legal, financial, tax, or investment advice, nor an endorsement, guarantee, or investment recommendation. Technical descriptions are provided as of the date of publication and may change. Any statements about future plans, features, integrations, protocol or consensus upgrades, standards, fees, or timelines are forward-looking and subject to change, including subject to community adoption, and are not commitments. Third-party names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners, and their mention does not imply affiliation or endorsement. You should conduct your own research and consult a qualified professional before acting on any information here; any reliance you place on it is strictly at your own risk.
AI agents are increasingly asked to make payments, sign code and manage digital operations, yet the channels they use offer no cryptographic identity and force users to hand over their private keys. The Algorand Foundation is trying to close that gap with AC2, an open protocol announced Aug. 25, according to a release from the foundation.
How AC2 works AC2, short for Agentic Communication and Control Protocol, establishes a direct, end-to-end encrypted WebRTC connection between a user’s wallet and an AI agent. When an agent needs to perform a signing operation, such as a payment, a git commit or an API authorization, it sends a request that the user reviews and approves in their own wallet, and the signature is delegated back. The private key never leaves the user’s control.
The protocol is designed to support a broad range of agentic workflows: a coding agent can draft code and ask the developer to approve the final signature, an assistant can route payment details to a wallet for approval, and a shopping agent can construct a mandate defining what it is authorized to buy and at what price.
The design choices The specification uses DIDComm v2.0 message formats, passkey authentication through Liquid Auth built on FIDO2 and WebAuthn, and supports real-time voice and text streaming as well as signing delegation. It requires no central message relay and no blockchain to operate, and the reference implementation is available on GitHub alongside an open-source wallet proof-of-concept and an OpenClaw plugin for testing.
“The answer is you don’t hand them the keys, you approve each use of them,” said Marc Vanlerberghe, the foundation’s chief strategy and marketing officer, describing how AC2 grants AI agents authority without the ability to act against a user’s interests.
Where it fits The launch builds on Algorand’s recent security-focused upgrades and lands as how exchanges are opening trading to AI agents becomes a live question across the industry. The foundation cautioned that the release contains forward-looking statements and that the protocol remains subject to change as it seeks design partners. The protocol is blockchain-agnostic, so wallets and agents across networks could adopt it rather than being tied to Algorand.
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The Algorand Foundation has publicly launched AC2 (Agentic Communication and Control Protocol), an open-source, blockchain-agnostic standard for secure peer-to-peer communication between users and AI agents. The release was developed in partnership with Pera Wallet (@PeraAlgoWallet), and marks a concrete attempt to address a growing security gap in how AI agents are authorized to act on users' behalf.
The Problem With Chat-Based Agent ApprovalsAs AI agents increasingly execute payments, sign code, and manage digital operations on behalf of users, existing messaging channels such as email, Telegram, and WhatsApp offer no cryptographic identity verification, no standardized delegation, and no way for users to approve individual actions without handing over their private keys entirely. AC2 is designed to close that gap.
AC2 extends prior thinking on peer-to-peer credential control to AI agents, replacing trust-based approvals with hardware-bound cryptographic proof of intent. In practical terms, every action an agent takes produces a verifiable record of who authorized it, what was approved, and when, rather than relying on a simple chat confirmation that leaves no audit trail.
How the Protocol WorksAC2 uses DIDComm v2.0 message formats for interoperability, passkey-based authentication via Liquid Auth (built on FIDO2/WebAuthn), and supports real-time voice and text streaming alongside signing delegation. Critically, it requires no central message relay and no blockchain to operate, making it accessible across different technology stacks without vendor lock-in.
On the credential side, the design keeps API keys on the user's device at all times. The agent receives a signed authorization rather than the credential itself, limiting exposure if an agent is ever compromised. Instead of inventing a new trust model, AC2 applies widely adopted cryptographic standards to the emerging problem of agent authorization.
AC2 is a transparent, open protocol designed for any agent stack. It gives developers a verifiable standard for agent approvals without requiring proprietary middleware or relay infrastructure. The @AlgoFoundation describes it as blockchain-agnostic, and alongside the specification, the Foundation is releasing an open-source wallet proof-of-concept and an OpenClaw plugin for end-to-end developer testing.
The specification and reference implementation are available at github.com/algorandfoundation/ac2. The Foundation is actively inviting design partners to review and contribute to the AC2 specification.
Sources:
AC2 Protocol - Official Site
Algorand Foundation Launches AC2 - Content Media Solution
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